What kind of thinker are you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What kind of thinker are you - Essay Example Critical thinkers usually tend to be self-disciplined, self-directed, self-monitoring and self-corrective; they raise crucial questions about an issue then go ahead to formulate questions clearly and precisely to come up with the most effective way of reasoning (Hills, 2011). There are six stages in critical thinking that include; the unreflective thinker who is not aware of the significant flaws in his way of thinking, the confronted thinker who are aware of problems in their way of reasoning. The third stage is that of the novice thinker, who is aware of the problems in his thought process and tries to improve his thinking although this type of thinker is not consistent, proactive thinker is the fourth phase where the thinker acknowledges there is need to have a regular and consistent training in order to improve their thinking process. The fifth phase if that of the advanced thinker where the individuals begin to advance in their thinking process due to the amount of practise they have put in place and the final phase is the master thinker where an individual becomes skilful and insightful, he is analytical and reflective in his thinking process. Another area of critical thinking that was key in learning was the procedure of becoming a critical thinker, the various way that an individual can develop his thinking process through the six phases of critical thinking to become a master thinker. The importance of the critical thinking can also not be underrated in the learning process as it explains how and where the process of critical thinking is useful. My critical thinking has changed since starting the study of critical thinking in that I did not initially acknowledge my thinking process was flawed but after learning about the process of critical thinking, I now realise the flaws in my thinking. My stage of development has been that of an unreflective thinker, this is informed by the

Aristotle and Aurelius Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Aurelius Essay Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics goes to show that he believes that the end goal of all human actions is eudaimonia, or happiness through success and fulfillment. Following this concept Aristotle goes on to explain that through virtuosity a human being can lead a happy life. He defines virtue as a disposition to make the correct decisions that lead to the chief good of happiness. A perfect example is when he describes someone who does an action well as being good, but they are only considered good because of their distinctive activity. The distinctive activity for human beings can be considered our rationale. This is where virtue comes into play in the matter, but this translation could also be deciphered as excellence. Human beings do every single thing they do for a reason and that reason is to help towards an end goal. Although it may seem like the end goal might be something good like eating lunch, it is actually a chain to the ultimate good which is being happy. Happiness in Aristotles view is not second-by-second or even minute-by-minute but an entire lifetime. This is because we view happiness as and end goal which we hope to achieve by death and that way you can look back on a persons life to see if they succeeded in their goal, through virtuous moral character and virtuous intellectual character and through the act of temperance. A life-time of that act can guarantee a happy, fulfilling, and successful life. Being virtuous come through two different ways in our actions as said by Aristotle, â€Å"Excellence being of two sorts, then, the one intellectual and the other of character, the intellectual sort mostly both comes into existence and increases as a result of teaching whereas excellence of character results from habituation † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1103a15). Intellectual virtue comes from teaching, experience, and time while character virtue is formed through the habit of repeated virtuous actions and constant practice. This allows for every human being to potentially have a virtuous moral character for the fact that it cannot be learned but only practiced, and not one person can be born already virtuous. The only problem with this concept is that there is no exact guideline in which to follow in order to become virtuous and, ultimately, happy. Basically Aristotle explains that you can find virtue in the middle ground of your actions, for xample, he says â€Å"For to arrive at one of the two extremes is more erroneous, to arrive at the other less; so, since it is hard to hit upon intermediate with extreme accuracy, one should take to the oars and sail that way, as they say, grasping what is least bad of what is available † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1109a35) There is no teaching as to why, for example, courage is preferred over cowardice or rashness but that you need to practice being courageous in order to understand the reasoning for being courageous. This is true for all virtuous traits and merits of the human character and by combining the moral and intellectual teachings and habits can you start on the path of a virtuous disposition. The key to virtue is keeping within a balance between the vices. For an excessive vice there is excessive pleasure but also excessive pain and for the opposite there is no pleasure and no pain. The key is in a state of temperance in order to feel the correct amount of pleasure for a healthy lifestyle and choices. Aristotles views show that someone with a virtuous disposition should automatically or naturally choose the best action or behavior in any circumstances without having to rely on reason because the virtuous habit has been already learned. In response to someone arguing against an accidental choice, these views only perceive the deliberate and voluntary choices made by the person of virtue. Also a virtuous moral character will always aim for the good while unjust character will try to aim for what is their perception or the â€Å"apparent† good as said in â€Å"That wish is for the end, we have already said; but to some it seems to be for the good, whereas to others it seems to be for the apparent good. The consequence, for those who say that the object of wish is the good, is that what the person making an incorrect choice wishes for is not wished for.. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1113a10). A virtuous person will always do the right thing and will never be surprised by their actions, nor will they do it the right thing with an ulterior motive. Though you cannot live a happy life just with a virtuous disposition because you still need to act within accordance to virtue, you absolutely cannot live a happy life without virtue. Having virtue in your actions will lead to the final goal of happiness because it far outweighs the happiness found in pleasure, awards or merits. II. Marcus Aurelius was a philosopher-king and emperor of the Roman Empire and was considered of of the most influential Stoic philosophers of all time. His greatest work Meditations is an honest portrayal of Aurelius thoughts as they were found in journal form, never meant to be publicized. He wrote these books for himself as a sort of guideline and thought-provoking inner voice. In his works of Meditations, Marcus Aurelius doesnt use arguments as a way to get his point across but rather states his words as truths and seems to be very confident in his uses. It seems he is prying at the meaning of life, the whys and hows of it all on the idea of living. He is very blunt in his use of understating the human existence in the world and compares them to specks in the grand scheme, but the point of this is to provide a sort of carpe diem lifestyle. By letting yourself let go of the things you cannot control, you begin to gain a better understanding of the things you can control and act accordingly. â€Å"We were born to work together like feet, hands and eyes, like two rows of teeth, upper and lower. To obstruct each other is unnatural. To feel anger at someone, to turn your back on him: these are obstructions. † (Meditations, 17). This quote goes to show how you cannot allow yourself to get angry at another person for what they have done, but to continue your existence and recognize what you need to do. He advises in his writings â€Å"To shrug it all off and wipe it clean-every annoyance and distraction-and reach utter stillness. † (Meditations, 54) and once you can do that you can realize what is natural. Stoicism being a very popular philosophy in ancient Rome for it called for a â€Å"cosmic determinism† in relation to â€Å"human freedom† by a parallel will to that of Nature . Aurelius,himself, was a firm believer in the Logos, which can be identified as a principle a guiding force for the universe, human beings and all matter. In fact, it is one of the most important concepts in Stoicism for the ancient Romans of the time. The stark and â€Å"manly† belief that every single citizen had a duty, whether they were a king or a peasant, were expected to follow it to the best of their abilities. The term utter stillness is used to acknowledge the state of no distractions. By achieving this you can focus solely on appropriate actions and how to follow your own road by the way of Nature on an unconscious level. Not by thinking about it but by acting naturally should you continue to help others, work for yourself, never stopping but continuing to reply to Natures demands. To do this all under the Logos, in order to find our common sense and avoid the annoying distractions all the while by controlling these actions through your inner unconscious/conscious self. III. The Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Roman philosopher-king Marcus Aurelius can be compared and contrasted in their similar and different ways of thoughts. First you can compare Aristotles ideas on eudaimonia and Aurelius use of utter stillness to help follow the logos, also the final step of death as the end of ones journey towards a life of fulfillment. Contrastingly, they have different outlooks on purpose of human life and how to lead to the fulfilling of that said life. Stoicism was developed within the framework of Greek theory and philosophies from Plato and Aristotle so obviously there are bound to be many similarities. Both of these men were truly brilliant and ground-breaking in their respective ways of thought and led centuries of intellectuals to search for more fulfillment and happiness’s in their lives. Some big differences between Aristotle and Aurelius were there views on mortality or death. While Aristotle concludes that our lives are given to us and as valuable as human beings want to make them, the Stoics view on life is that is shaped by death and that the thoughts, choices and actions are just based on the knowledge of death. Eudaimonia is a subject in which Aristotle and Aurelius were familiar with in their writings about philosophical life. Aristotle thought of eudaimonia as an activity done with virtue performed rationally and consciously. Aurelius and the other Stoics insist that the way for eudaimonia is to live a morally virtuous life, in regards to the fact that virtue is good, vices are bad and most everything else is neutral. A popular argument for this where a death in the family would be involved, according to Aristotle, that would rob the most virtuous person of their eudaimonia while the Stoics would consider that neutral. Another interesting fact about Aristotle is how he acknowledges how â€Å"dumb luck† can aid or block the journey for eudaimonia, for example being born beautiful or losing close friends and family. Basically, they agree that eudaimonia is self-sufficient; the chief goal in life and that eudaimonia is the most complete end result. Virtue is very important to both philosophers and their ways of thinking and considers it absolutely crucial for eudaimonia. Aristotle and Aurelius can agree that no one is born just virtuous as it must be an act learned. Virtue is believed to be how one can control their emotions for it helps them to stay stable and in moderation. Overall, living life virtuously is living a life full of dignity. Marcus Aurelius’s view is a much more justified view because it is more modern and more adaptable. As the stoicism wants people to better themselves within reasonable goals and change values into something that will bring upon an unconscious change so that they may make better decisions consciously. Aristotle instead relies too much on a proper upbringing and calls the loss of good and friends as a prevention of eudaimonia. Stoics learn to realize what is out of their control and move on to what they can control. Aristotelian views also say that if a person dies early that it is a tragedy and that they were taken away before they reached their prime which in the Stoics eyes, a virtuous person should never be afraid of death because their life is sufficient when living a virtuous life. The difference continues when viewing the topic of emotions for Aristotelian that emotions are not good nor bad, only bad when expressed inappropriately while the Stoics think the whole point of eudaimonia is to be free from emotion. Finally the stoics don’t see a difference between the rich, poor, slaves or free men, because in their views bodily and external things can no impact on their dignity, whereas Aristotle believes that a life based on virtues along with enough material and external goods like freedom, wellbeing, and close friends lead to a life of dignity. Overall, Aurelius and the Stoics have built upon and modified Aristotle’s view to be more realistic and to try and be more optimistic in leading the best possible life no matter the circumstances.

The Influence of Christianity on Ancient and Modern Greece Essay

The Influence of Christianity on Ancient and Modern Greece Problems with format ?From the earliest establishment of Christian churches in Macedonia, Achaia, Epirus, and Crete, to the expansion of the Orthodox Church, Greece has been a formidable landmark for development of Christianity throughout the world.? From its arrival to Greece with the first preaching of Paul, the Christian faith has undergone a unique assimilation into the cultural and philosophical traditions of the Greek people to create a church, visibly distinguishable from all other sects and denominations of Christianity.? Christianity has certainly influenced the nation of Greece.? However, it is safe to say that Greek culture has also had a notable effect on the way its people view Christianity.? The purpose of this paper is to examine the mutually significant and interacting influences of the Christian faith on Greece and of the Greek culture on Christianity. ?From the onset of Paul?s mission to evangelize the non-Jewish world, it was clear that the ministry to the gentiles would take on an entirely different form than that to the Jews.? Where converting the Jews was an issue of convincing a small people, otherwise knowledgeable about the nature of God, that this Jesus was indeed the Messiah they had long waited for, preaching to the Gentiles would be a fundamentally different task.? Greek culture, largely influential to the Roman world, was already rich with philosophy, science, art, literature, and political values.? Reaching out to this people that was, in so many ways, far advanced beyond the Hebrew nation, would mean appealing to its philosophy and tradition as a foundation for proving Christ?s supremacy.? Greek Christianity was destined to... ...dia of Religion, 6, 95-97 [2] Schaff, Philip (1910).? History of the Christian Church, 1.? WM. B. Weerdmans Publishing Company: Michigan.? [3] Beardsley, Monroe C. (1966).? Aesthetics from Classical Greece to the Present: A Short History.? ? University of Alabama Press: University, Alabama.? [4] Carassava, Anthee (2001).? ?Many Greeks praying against John Paul II visit?.? Time Magazine, 157. [5] ?Pope Appologizes?.? Christianity Today, 45.? 2001. [6] Moschovis, Peter P. (2001).? ?Socialists give Evangelicals some relief?.? Christianity Today, 45. [7] Moschovis, Peter P. (1998).? ?Court upholds right to evangelize. Christianity Today, 42. [8] ?Greece?s churches divided over ID cards?.? Christian Century, 117.? 2000.? [9] Carassava, Anthee (2000).? ?Greeks debate privacy rights vs. religious identity?.? Christian Science Monitor, 92 (148).

“Tuesdays with Morrie” Novel Analysis

Tuesdays with Morrie Novel Analysis Morrie is about in his late seventies. â€Å"He has thinning silver hair that spills onto his forehead†¦and tufts of graying eyebrows. † (pg. 3) He lived in the late 1970s. â€Å"It is the late spring of 1979†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 3) Morrie is a sociology professor at Brandeis University. â€Å"†¦the senior class of Brandeis University†¦my favorite professor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 3) Morrie has a wife named Charlotte, and two sons named rob and Jon. â€Å"Morrie with his wife Charlotte; Morrie with his two sons rob†¦ and Jon. † (pg. 91)Mitch is about fifty one years old and lived in the 1990s. He is a sports journalist. â€Å"I earned a master’s degree in journalism and took the first job offered, as a sports writer. ’ (pg. 16) He has an older sister and a younger brother. â€Å"You have an older sister too right? † (pg. 94), â€Å"I do indeed have a younger brother†¦two-years-younger brother . † (pg. 95) Morrie’s fortune changed when he was diagnosed with ALS. â€Å"Morrie had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 7). ALS caused Morrie to â€Å"have trouble walking† (pg. ), and it caused him not to do a lot of other things like use the bathroom by himself. â€Å"Connie would wheel him to the toilet, then lift him from the chair and support him as he urinated into the beaker. † (pg. 49) His moral character also changed because he said, â€Å"Now that I’m suffering, I feel closer to people who suffer than I ever did before. † (pg. 50) Mitch’s fortune changes when the newspaper he works for goes on strike, â€Å"†¦the unions at my newspaper had gone on strike. † (pg. 44) His moral character also changes because Morrie â€Å"finally made him cry†. pg. 186). Mitch’s knowledge changes because he learns that â€Å"offering others what you have to give† will give you satisfaction. (pg. 126). He also learns how to find a meaningful life by â€Å"devoting yourself to loving others, devoting yourself to your community around you, and devoting yourself to something that gives you purpose and meaning. (pg. 127) I think that Morrie is a round character because we see different sides of him. We see a very emotional side like on page 185 when it says, â€Å"His eyes ot small, and then he cried†¦Ã¢â‚¬  we also see a carefree side like on page 5 when it says, â€Å"He would close his eyes and with a blissful smile begin to move to his own sense of rhythm. † I also think he is a static character because his personality, morals, or feelings didn’t change. I think Mitch is also a round character because we see different sides of him. We see a tough side on page 30 when it says, â€Å"I wear old gray sweatshirts and box in the local gym and walk around with an unlit cigarette in my mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We see an emotional side on page 186 when Morrie finally makes him cry.I think Mitch is a dynamic character because in the beginning of the story Mitch is more concentrated on his work. â€Å"In a few years, I was not only penning columns. I was writing sports books, doing radio shows, and appearing regularly on TV†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 16) Then in the middle of the story he didn’t concentrate on work because he went to visit Morrie every Tuesday. I think the most important lesson Morrie taught me was to appreciate everyday in every way. Morrie said, â€Å"The loving relationships we have, the universe around us, we take these things for granted. (pg. 84) After reading this book I truly do realize that I take things for granted. I also think â€Å"detachment† really helped me. Morrie said, â€Å"Detachment doesn’t mean you don’t let the experience penetrate you. On the contrary, you let it penetrate you fully. That’s how you let it go†. (pg. 103) I think Morrie is saying that you should fe el one emotion for a short period of time then let it go so you can experience another one. The first lesson to appreciate everyday in every way relates to the world.I think it relates to the world because like Morrie said, â€Å"We are too involved in materialistic things, and they don’t satisfy us. † (pg. 84) By concentrating on materialistic things, we don’t realize the love of our family and the world around us. I think the lesson â€Å"detachment† also relates to our world. Everyday we see and hear people talking about something that happened a long time ago, and they don’t experience another emotion because they are stuck on that one.

Factors of Chinese Art Market Essay

The Chinese possess the longest continuous cultural history of any of the peoples of the world (Sickman. L, 1968). In recent years, pushed by the huge economic growth in Asia, the fine art market rise sharply within Asia, especially China, changed the geographical structure of the global art market. The Chinese government set up some preferential policies to promote the fine art market because they see the great economic potential in this flied. In 2011, China has a 49% growth of artworks in auction revenue, becoming the first global marketplace for the sale of art. Although the transaction volume of China (10.8%) was behind USA and France, the auction revenue (41.4%) was the first of the world (Artprice, Trend of art market 2011) . This means China is becoming the central of high price fine art market. In 2011, a painting with calligraphy which was painted by Qi Baishi, †Eagle Standing on Pine Tree; Four-Character Couplet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was sold for 4.255 Yuan(about 65 million US dollars) in Beijing by China Guardian auction company, a record high for contemporary and modern Chinese paintings and calligraphy(China Guardian Auctions). As Chinese fine art market growing quickly in last few years, more and more researches and studies have been done by both Chinese and other foreign people, this essay will focus on some factors behind the market and analysis how the factors influence the Chinese fine art market. And the analysis can be dividing into four sections, cultures, history events and policies, buyers and marketing channels. First of all, this essay is going to find out the difference between the western countries people and the Chinese people in culture of collecting aspect and work of art aspect. There is some strong culture which is really to be changed in any country and this will completely change the way people treat art works in a country. Just because people treat art works differently, every country’s fine art market culture is unique, and this can influence the market automatically. For example when Chinese people selling antiques, they always leave a large gap between the quote and the deal price to wait buyers to bargain because Chinese people believe buyers will feel happy and they have brought the antique in a cheaper price. Secondly, history events and policies linkage to the Chinese fine art market will be mentioned. Through the history events (such as the reform and open up in 1978 and joining the WTO in 2001) and policies (like import and export trading policies) to analysis how these events and changes influence the Chinese fine art market. A cultural repatriation has been in the spotlight a great deal from 2000, with the sale of the Yuan Ming Yuan bronze fountainheads, then the Chinese government has attach more importance to the fine art trade after it(Wang. A, 2012). Actually, modern Chinese fine art market starts after the reform and open up in 1978 and today becoming the first place of the marketplace for the sale of art. Also according the Tariff implementation plan 2012 of China, the import duty of art work decreased from 12% to 6% (General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China), this promoted the fine art market, in the first half of 2012, the trading amounts reach 210.8 billion Yuan (Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China), which means China has been overtaken the USA, becoming the top art market. Then, this paper will explore different kinds of buyers and find out their purchasing intention. In this section, it will be a case study about the different buyers by having an interview with an antiquary and a staff of an international auction company. Antique buyers have different purchasing intention; some of them are shop holders or agencies buying art works for selling, some of them are art fanciers buying art works for collecting, some of them buying art work as investment, and there are some people just want to show their social status or financial position through buying expensive art works. Through the interview, more purchasing intention will carry out so that it will be more clear that how different buyers can influence the fine art market all around the world differently. The last section of this essay will talk about the marketing channels aspect. Chinese antiques can be seen in auction houses, trade fairs, art galleries, fine art shops all around the world(Artprice, Trend of art market 2011), People come together to appreciate or buy antiques. Furthermore, some private trade happens a lot without noticed by the mass. Different marketing channels have its own characteristics and price levels so that it could attract its own target audience. Although the market of Chinese antiques is growing in a very high speed, some scholars still have some issues to worry. As Audrey Wang mentioned (2012), some speculators believed that Chinese art market is an indomitable force and become the first place in volumes of sale of fine art. On the other hand, sceptics claim that the current trend as merely a bubble and today’s China is not ready yet to experience a full economic cycle of growth and decline. When a group of Chinese curio dealer visit the 25th of TEFAF which hold in the Nederland, they were not only shocked by the fine art work’s quality and authenticity, but also the seller’s integrity and normative. When they ask for some background and information about an antique, the vendor just read from the testimonial but not making an attractive story. The Chinese fine art market is still not mature because more standard rules or policies are needed. Lastly, the high speed growth of the Chinese fine art market might cause some mislead about the art. Quite a lot of people will regard high price as high quality in the fine art market, this is completely a misunderstanding for the art works. Therefore some scholars argue that the great growth could destroy the culture and art, this will be also discussed in this essay. Bibliography: Sickman, L (1968) The Art and Architecture of China, Yale University Press, London Wang, A (2012) Chinese Antiquities, an introduction to the art market, Lund Humphries, Surrey. TEFAF https://www.tefaf.com/ Artprice, Trend of art market 2011 http://imgpublic.artprice.com/pdf/trends2011_en.pdf (2013-01-07) China Guardian Auctions http://english.cguardian.com/ (2013-01-07) Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China http://www.chinaculture.org/index.html (2013-01-07) General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China http://english.customs.gov.cn/tabid/47800/Default.aspx (2013-01-07)

Rock and Roll Essay Example

Rock and Roll Essay Example Rock and Roll Essay Rock and Roll Essay Essay Topic: Notes From Underground Because of the rise of rock and roll, a statement has been made where rock and roll influenced the lifestyle, attitude, and fashion of the many Individuals. L. Rock and Roll and the Counterculture Movement. A. Rock music became more than Just a form of popular culture. B. Younger generations are able to find their identities C. Economic depression led individuals to turn to ways to solve their suffering II. Social Effects on Younger Generations and Lifestyle. A. Rock and roll impacted on the lives of many including teenagers. B. Many saw the culture as a way to rebel against the old traditions C. Rock and rollers led a hard life which included drugs and alcohol D. The fashion reflected the lifestyles of the rock and rollers. Ill. Saving the World. A. Love and peace are common themes in rock and roll music. B. Fellow musicians like Woody Guthrie and Bob Dylan. C. Musicians have adopted causes ranging from environments. D. Songs would be Sunday Bloody Sundae. V. Roller of Phrase. A. Origin of Phrase came from blacks as a form of slang. B. First used in 1951 but credited to Alan Freed. C. One of Paul Backcombs in 1947 D. Terrier Smiths song My Man Rocks Me With One Steady Roll. V. Cultural Impact. A. Although many older generation viewed the revolution ear as a underground movement. B. Rock and roll came during tensions between blacks and whites. C. Music brought the segregation to an end VI. Rock and Roll and uniqueness A. Brought politics together B. Rose charity money VII. Weapon is Rock and Roll Conclusion A. Rock and roll is a weapon of Cultural Revolution. B. Jon Sinclair talks about freedom and differences C. There are not many genuine artists in the world anymore The asses was considered to be called the time of change. During this time, many movements had taken place. Reasons for this would be due to the economic depression because of the Vietnam War. Several Americans were against the Idea of war. The prices of food rose up and living necessities became too expensive to afford. Not only were prices rising but people were losing their Jobs. Since no one wanted to spend, stores were not able to keep a sufficient Income to keep their workers. Thus, employees were forced to be let go. During a time of economic hardships, people turned for ways to relief the stress and trouble that they were Tackling. I nuns, a revolution was Odor. Rock Ana roll was Torment In ten late the United States. Born in a time of change and crisis, people saw the counterculture movement as a way to fight against the mishaps. Traditional music became loud and noisy with inappropriate lyrics that were sung by new artists. Because of how new rock and roll was, it was considered to be an underground genre and was viewed negatively by older generations. In many aspects, Rock and roll was a movement that rebelled against politics. It was not common for songs to include topics that were related about war. Well known Rock and Rollers would be Elvis Presley (The King of Rock and Roll), The Ink Blots, and Luis Jordan. Each of these artists brought a unique piece of music to make rock and roll a unique genre. As stated by Alan Freed, Rock and roll is a river of music that has absorbed many streams; rhythms, blues, Jazz, rag time, cowboy songs, country songs, and folk songs. Soon, rock and roll became part of the popular culture of the United States. Not only that but, the rock and roll movement help shaped the attitude, lifestyle, fashion, and even language of the many individuals in the United States. Rock and roll music became more than Just a popular culture that made its way urine the asses. It became a movement and possibly even an ideology. Those who followed the movement sought ways to put their emotions and beliefs into song. Unlike the millions of different popular culture, it had allowed people to live life differently than most. It was a movement that was against everything that made the world impure. Rock and roll allowed followers to play their music loud and harsh. Lyrics became over flown with emotions so strong, that older generations sought ways to stop the movement. However, in the eyes of the newer generations, it was considered a revolution. Not Just any kind, but as the Music Revolution. Attempts to merge politics and music were made possible due to the hard efforts of John Sinclair. Born on October 2, 1941 in Flint, Michigan, he was known for being a one-time manager of the band MAC and leader of the White Panther Party- a militantly anti- racist counterculture group of the white Socialists that sought to assist the Black Panthers in the Civil Rights movement. Sinclair, known for his active involvement with the MAC, managed the hard-edged punk-look from 1966 through 1969. The MAC band was able to embrace the counterculture revolutionary politics of the White Panther Party under the guidance of Sinclair, himself. Even if MAC and Sinclair were both deeply involved with the revolutionary politics, MAC came to a realization that Sinclair was too heavy-handed. Although the band and Sinclair are no longer working together, they are still close friends. In 1968, Sinclair Rock and Roll Is a Weapon of Cultural Revolution was published in a magazine. He claimed that there are not many genuine music artists left in the world that would sing purely because of a cause rather than Just for money. Sinclair also states multiple times that music is revolution. According to Sinclair, Rock and roll not only is a weapon of Cultural Revolution, it is the model of the revolutionary future. Its best the music works to free people on all levels, and production unit. Here, Sinclair gives his explanations on why rock and roll was indeed a revolutionary weapon. Because Rock and Roll music is so unique, it allows followers to be set free from many things. People dont have to stress over simple daily situations. With rock and roll, people were able to formulate a sense of culture. Scalar continual to say, People nave got to get It together, not apart People are owe stuck with bullwhip Jobs, bullwhip schools, bullwhip houses, bullwhip marriages And theres no need for it anymore. He also continued to insist that Everything has to be free or else! In this article, Sinclair puts his focus on the new generations whom he believes are the Music Revolution. He encouraged the youths to start writing music and express their feelings about politics. Sinclair stated that the world is corrupted because humans made nothing but anti-human products. Daily things such as toilet paper, plastic cups, and forks are Just some of the things that were mentioned. In edition, Sinclair concluded strongly that, Its time to turn on, tune in and take over! Up against the ceiling, motherhoods! Not too long after this article was published, Sinclair Music Revolution came into reality and that his famous quote turn on, tune in, and take over! would play a huge role in the rock and roll movement. Rock and roll became more than Just a form of popular culture. Many individuals, especially the younger generations, saw it as a form of lifestyle and culture. Several rock and rollers found that the popular culture of rock and roll was a central component of the Cultural Revolution. The reason why the followers felt this way was because unlike other music genres, rock and roll allowed artists to sing about situations with anger. In addition, rock and roll was like an escape away from the economic depression that people were facing during the late asses to the asses. The depression affected many families, and because of this, songs began to reflect that era. Thus, rock and roll was formed. Due to its popularity, it was adopted into the lifestyles and attitudes of many Americans. Teenagers started to live the hard life by drinking hard liquor. Drugs such as LSI, pot, heroin, and crack were used to fleet their lifestyle. The rock and roll fashion in the asses-ass consisted of mostly black leather. Males usually followed the famous actor, James Dean, style. They would wear a tight white t-shirt and have their hair swept to the side and a comb in their leather Jacket. For the females, they would wear leather Jackets as well with edgy skirts and leggings. Favorite rock and roll celebrities would be seen on magazine covers and products of them would be sold in stores. To outsiders especially the older generations, this was considered to be very shocking and disappointing. Soon, fellow rock and rollers were considered to be an outcast. Although this may be true, with the help of the Music Revolution the attitudes of the people changed from strained and depressed to hard living and optimistic. Because of rock and roll, individuals were able to get on with their lives with minimum stress Peace and love were common themes in rock and roll music. Rock artists in the asses and ass have often addressed economic issues as commentary action. For instance, during the Vietnam War, one of the very first rock songs to protest was heard. The artists of the song were Bob Dylan and Woody Guthrie. Many well known rock musicians have adapted to the attempt of addressing economic and social issues. For example, some well known songs would be Mercy Mercy Me, Sunday Bloody Sunday, and Kill the Poor. Some notably musicians that were very active in politics were John Lennox and his former girlfriend, Yoke Non. The duo was known to give their speeches about their anti-war sentiment both in music and in the public statements. Sometimes, the involvement of rock musicians would go more than Just songwriting and take the form of concerts, events, and charity. Rock and roll was a social catcalls Tanat NAS Racine a milestone In ten Level AI cone arts. It NAS outgrown the 1984 charity single Do They Know Its Christmas? Also, it has become the largest musical concert in history with performers on two main stages. People featured in this charity concert were all the face of rock music back in the days. Live Aid help became a model for many other fund raising. Environmental issues have been a common theme. An example would be Live Earth. The origin of the phrase rock and roll may surprise many for some did not know that it was not the Whites that came up with that phrase. Instead, the phrase of rock and roll came from the Blacks as a form of slang. In 1951, Alan Freed, a disk Jockey, began playing blues and country music for a multi-racial audience. He is credited with the first for using the phrase rock and roll to describe the music he played. But the phrase was introduced to Americans in words of blues and rhythm. There are three different songs that are titled rock and roll. Some were recorded as early as the asses. One was recorded by Paul Backcomb around 1947; in 1948 Wild Bill Moore decides to Join in and lastly, Doles Dickens in 1949. It is also not out of the ordinary for people to find Rock and Roll in RB songs. Back then, rock and roll was a black slang for sex or perhaps dancing. The first record of the usage of rock and OLL would be from her one song called, My Man Rocks Me with One Steady Roll. Going back even further in time, minion, the term rock and rolling was often used with a religious meaning. The word rock had a history in the English language as a metaphor to shake up, loosen up, or to be disturbed. Example would be, Rock It for Me, Baby, and Rock and roll my life with the music. During the asses, sex in songs became very common. The verb roll was in fact a medieval metaphor which meant to be having sex. Examples in sentences would be l rolled her in the clover or They had rolled all day and night in the house. The terms of rock and roll was often used together to describe the ships motion at sea as well. Simply to say, the term rock and roll basically means to loosen up and have sex. It is not hard to understand why the people began to use this word; to rebel against the world of what was going on. Perhaps, due to all the depression, individuals saw that the way of rock and roll was a solution to their endless problems. Rock and roll is a way of life and those who live it are in freedom. Rock and rollers such as Elvis Presley and John Lennox went for something different and that was to choose to be in a different popular culture. Because of rock and roll, many individuals found their identities by finding the lifestyle and culture that fits those best. Back in the days, rock and roll music was considered to be underground. Before it had gained its popularity, rock and roll culture was not big on older generations, especially among parents of teenagers. Parents viewed it as a ludicrous to be considered as music. Older generations were used to listening to soft and classical music such as opera, and Mozart, however unlike classical music; rock and roll music does not have any of those traits in its genre. Rock and roll music is loud and very heavy that consists of drums and guitars whether it may be electric or acoustic, it depends on the type of song that is being played. The media portrayed rock and rollers as a bad kid or troublemaker. However, all of this is proven to be wrong for rock and roll did much more than that. During hard times, Rock and roll appeared when racial tensions in the United States were coming to the surface. African Americans were protesting segregation AT cocoons Ana puddle Tactless. I en separate but equal doctrine was nominally overturned by the Supreme Court in 1954, and the official task of enforcing this new doctrine lay ahead. This new musical form combining elements of white and black music inevitably provoked strong reactions. This Just proves that music can do many things that others may have thought impossible since because of the music it has helped blacks and whites to overcome their differences. Rock and roll has impacted so much in America along with the world. It has swept peoples feet with its rhythm, beats, and blues. Rock and roll has everything to offer for an individual. Its different and unique and because of it, rock and roll has earned its place in the popular culture. It has created a difference too many lives. Because of rock and roll, the youth of the asses and asses were able to find their identity. There is so much more to life than the music of rock and roll. To many, it is a culture and lifestyle. It changed the attitudes of many and thanks to rock and roll, it has patched up the wounds between the blacks and the whites. For once, there was something that the two groups have in common. Rock and roll brought family together. It didnt matter if you were rich or poor or if you were black or white, music is music and rock and roll is the Music Revolution. Just like how Jon Sinclair would have put it, its time to turn on, tune in, and take over. Notes 1 Rock and roll evolved in the United States during the asses and early asses. Rock and roll consisted of mainly blues, country, folk, and gospel along with Jazz. Rock and roll led to modern rock music such as glamour, metal, and death metal music. The instruments involved are usually guitars. In rock and roll there are two electric guitars along with saxophone and piano (asses). As rock and roll aged dance got more popular such as t he boogie-woozier. 2 Rock and roll became more than Just a type of popular culture. It has evolved over time. As it grew with age, rock and roll became simply Just rock music. The popular culture took over the world with music, television; it influenced lifestyles, attitude, and even language. Rock and roll did more than Just that but it also helped bring people from different cultures together. Because of rock music the segregation act disappeared. Black and white individuals came together and enjoyed listening to the same type of rock music. Soon, the white music entertainment industry realized that there was room for black music. Because of this, hip hop earn its popularity long with rhythm and beat music. Alan Freed is credited for the term of rock and roll. However the real origin of rock and roll came from Terrier whose lyrics contained, My man rocks me with one steady roll. Rock and roll was also a slang used by blacks. The word rock meant to shake up and loosen while roll was a term meant to have sex. Rock and roll affected the teenage culture of many generations in several ways. Fo r instance, it changed the aspects of teenagers. It helped teenagers find their own identity. Because of this, their fashion made a statement of who they are and what teen level Tort.

Experimenting on Animals

Experimenting on Animals Free Online Research Papers Testing animals is wrong and completely cruel, and they should be banned for good. Animals have rights like we do. All day everyday, people are using animals for horrible, cruel and half of the time tests that are useless. These animals do not have anyway to fight for their rights. For this reason is why there should be a law to protect them from these kinds of things. Even though most of the experiments are ran by private industries, most experiments are conducted by public organizations. The U.S. Government, Air force, and also the Army especially has created and carried out many harmful and cruel animal experiments. These experiments have been designed where innocent animals would suffer and even die, not even being certain these horrible experiments would even save someone’s life, or help people at all; but for the hundreds or even thousands can be said for other experiments studied around the world each year. Narrowing things down to studies done on innocent dogs, some of this information will shock a lot of you: For example, The Lovelace Foundation, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, scientist made sixty-four dogs to inhale â€Å"radioactive Strontium 90† for a â€Å"Fission Product Inhalation Program† that started back in 1961, which was funded by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. During this study, twenty- five of th ese dogs died. Some of deaths happened with an epileptic seizure; some died with brain hemorrhages. There were even dogs that became anemic, feverish, and wouldn’t eat. Animals should not have to go through these kinds of experiments for scientist to experiment their new ideas; this is just an example of some of the experiments animals have to go through. Most people nowadays even doctors and scientist are asking themselves if the killing and suffering of these animals is worth the sake of human beings. Is it right to dissect a worm or a frog to teach high school students? But then again, should â€Å"We study life to protect life† the problem of killing animals to study education, biomedical research, and cosmetics can be called†vivisection†. Thirty to forty millions of animals will be killed every year in the US for research, education, and testing. Even though vivisection serves to be very important for doctors and scientist to work in research and may help people, the harm that comes to these animals defiantly out-weighs the benefits. In 1983 the Institute Laboratory Animal Resources (ILAR) estimated 17-22 million animals were experimented on during that year on painful experiments. They stated that all animals had pain relieving drugs for these painful experiments and 69% of the animals never even made it out alive. German medical student invented and abpactus cell myograph which allows students to study nerve and muscle physiology on each other instead of animals (Meyer, 1990). There are other alternatives for experiments other then putting these animals through cruel tests, such as, three dimensional models, video tapes, the use of cell cultures, or even preserved specimens. If we could get The United States to pass a bill stating that it should be illegal to perform such cruel and harmful experiments by proving that these other alternatives do work then these innocent animals wouldn’t have to go through these horrible tests. In conclusion, it is hard to believe what these animals go through so we can benefit from their experiments. Kolar states that â€Å"Despite all of this, animal experimentation has become a cruel reality in the world today†. (Kolar, 2006). And that is completely true and honest. If the people of the United States would put more money into trying to find other ways to tests their products, then innocent animal that can’t fight back would have a chance. Animals have rights just like we do. References Meyer, N. (1990) The myograph and `self test. Euroniche newsletter, 3, 12-13. Kolar, R. Animal Experimentation. Science Engineering Ethics. (Jan 2006), vol. 12 issue 1,p111-122 12p. Retrieved July 24, 2007 from InfoTrac Onefile database. Langley, G.R. Animals in Science education-ethics and alternatives. Journal of Biological Education. Winter91,vol.25 issue 4,p274,6p,1bw. Retrieved July 6, 2007 from the InfoTrac Onefile database. Research Papers on Experimenting on AnimalsGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingCapital PunishmentArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Spring and AutumnPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Act 4 gives us the exciting conclusion to this saga of madness. How are the citizens of Salem and their governing officials dealing with the fallout from the trials?Will the "witches" falsely confess to avoid execution? Does John Proctor still, like, totally hate himself? Read on to find out all this and more, including key quotes and a thematic analysis for the final act of The Crucible. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. The Crucible Act 4 Summary - Short Version Act 4 opens with Herrick removing Tituba and Sarah Good from a jail cell so the court officials can hold a meeting there.Reverend Hale and Reverend Parris are off praying with the other condemned prisoners, which is unsettling to Danforth and Hathorne. When Parris arrives at the meeting, he explains that Hale is trying to get the prisoners to confess to their crimes rather than lose their lives needlessly. He also reveals that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have run away, and they stole his life’s savings. The authorities then discuss the state of social unrest that has emerged in Salem after the jailing of so many citizens. Hathorne denies that there is any possibility of rebellion ("Why at every execution I have seen naught but high satisfaction in the town" (pg. 7)), but Parris is very concerned about what will happen if they hang people who are well-respected. Parris has already received a death threat in the form of a dagger wedged in his doorway. He advises that they postpone the hangings and continue pushing for confessions, but Danforth refuses because it would make him look bad. Hale arrives and says that he hasn’t extracted any confessions yet. The one prisoner who he hasn’t talked to is John Proctor. The officials decide that they will bring in Elizabeth Proctor to speak with him and convince him to confess. Elizabeth and John are left alone, and Elizabeth informs John of Giles Corey’s death. Giles was pressed to death with heavy stones since he refused to plead guilty or innocent to the charges of witchcraft. John begs her to tell him whether or not he should confess. He’s leaning towards confessing because he doesn’t think very much of himself and feels his soul is already beyond redemption. He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness, but she says her forgiveness doesn’t mean anything if he won’t forgive himself. She also places some blame on herself for the way things went down with Abigail. She tells him that only he can decide whether or not to confess. John tentatively agrees to confess, but he refuses to name any names and then is reluctant to sign the confession. He decides he can’t go through the rest of his life after signing his name into disgrace in this permanent way. He snatches the signed paper away at the last minute and rips it to shreds, thus sealing his fate. Rebecca Nurse and John are then led off to the gallows by Marshal Herrick. The others beg Elizabeth to convince him to reconsider, but she refuses to deprive him of this choice when it’s clearly the only way he can break free from his self-hatred. "Ain't nobody dope as me I'm dressed so fresh so clean" -John Proctor at the end of The Crucible The Crucible Act 4 Summary - "Oops, I Didn't Read It" Version This act takes place in a jail cell in Salem.Marshal Herrick wakes up the occupants, Sarah Good and Tituba, to move them to a different cell.The two women speak of their plans to fly away to Barbados after the Devil comes for them and transforms them into bluebirds.They mistake the bellowing of a cow for the arrival of Satan to carry them away (could've happened to anyone).Herrick ushers them out of the cell as Tituba calls to the Devil to take her home. Once they leave, Danforth, Hathorne, and Cheever enter the cell, and Herrick returns to join their meeting. Danforth is disturbed to learn from Herrick that Reverend Hale has been praying with the prisoners. Reverend Parris is also supposed to meet with Danforth and Hathorne, so Herrick goes to get him.Apparently, Parris is praying with Reverend Hale and Rebecca Nurse.It turns out that Parris told Herrick to allow Hale to see the prisoners. Danforth is concerned that Parris is acting weird.Hathorne mentions Parris has had looked a little crazed lately and thinks it might not be wise to allow him amongst the prisoners.He said good morning to Parris a few days earlier, but Parris just started crying and walked away.Hathorne is worried about Parris appearing this unstable since he’s supposed to be the town’s spiritual leader.Cheever says he thinks Parris’ distress is a product of the ongoing property disputes in town.Abandoned cows are wandering all over the place because their owners are in jail.Parris has been arguing with farmers about who gets to claim these cows for days, and he doesn’t handle conflict well, so it makes him upset.Parris finally enters the cell, looking haggard.Danforth and Hathorne immediately criticize him for letting Hale speak with the prisoners.Parris says Hale is trying to persuade the prisoners to return to God and save their lives by confessing.Danforth is surprised, but he welcomes this news. Parris then reveals why he called this meeting with the court officials.Abigail and Mercy Lewis disappeared a few days before.Parris says he thinks they’ve boarded a ship, and they stole his entire life’s savings to pay for passage.He’s been upset lately because he’s completely broke.Danforth is exasperated and calls Parris a fool.Parris says that the next town over, Andover, rejected the witch trial trend and threw out the court, whichhas sparked the beginnings of a rebellion in Salem.Abigail most likely left for fear that people in Salem might turn against her. Hathorne doesn’t buy into the idea that a rebellion is fomenting in Salem because the town has been supportive of the executions so far.Parris points out that this is because all of the people who have been executed up until now had bad reputations for other reasons (Bridget Bishop lived with a man before marrying him, Isaac Ward's alcoholism left his family in poverty).Now they’re about to hang Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor, people who are still well-liked and respected in the community.That’s not going to sit well with many of the townspeople.Parris advises Danforth to postpone the hangings so he and Hale can continue to push for confessions and avoid social unrest.Danforth is adamant that everything will proceed as planned.Parris reveals that he has received a death threat and fears for his life if they don't postpone the executions. Hale enters the cell, saddened and exhausted, and says he hasn’t been able to get anyone to confess.He begs Danforth to pardon the prisoners or at least give him more time to bring them around.Danforth insists he can’t pardon anyone or postpone the hangings. Twelve people have already been hung for the same crime. Pardon or postponementwould be unfair and, what’s worse, it would make him look weak. John Proctor is the only prisoner Hale hasn’t spoken to yet.The officials decide to summon Elizabeth Proctor to see if she will speak to her husband and persuade him to confess.Hale keeps pushing Danforth to postpone the executions, arguing that it would show that he is merciful rather than weak, but Danforth won’t change his mind.Hale points out that society in Salem is on the verge of collapsing because of the upheaval caused by the trials.Danforth asks Halewhy he has even bothered to return to Salem, and Hale says it’s because he can’t live with the part he played in condemning innocent people to death.There will be less blood on his hands if he can get them to confess. Elizabeth Proctor is led into the cell. Hale begs her to convince her husband to confess.He says it’s better to tell a white lie than to sacrifice a life for pride, but Elizabeth is not convinced("I think that be the Devil's argument." (pg. 122)).She agrees to speak with her husband, but she doesn’t promise to persuade him to confess. A raggedJohn Proctor is escorted in by Marshal Herrick, and he and Elizabeth are left alone.Elizabeth reveals to John that many people have confessed to witchcraft, but Giles Corey refused to plead one way or the other on the charges leveled against him.He was pressed to death by his interrogators, but his sons will inherit his farm (his property would have been publicly auctioned off if he officially died a criminal). Proctor has been contemplating making a confession, and he asks Elizabeth what she thinks he should do.He feels he has already committed so many sins that it’s stupid for him to bother holding up his integrity on this one point.John says he has only refrained from confessing out of spite, not nobility.He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness.She says he needs to forgive himself first, and her forgiveness doesn’t mean much if he still feels he’s a bad person. She blames herself for pushing him into Abigail’s arms and says he shouldn’t take responsibility for her issues as well. Hathorne returns to the jail cell.Elizabeth tells John that he has to make his own choice on whether or not to confess.John says he chooses to have his life, and Hathorne assumes this means he will confess.John asks Elizabeth what she would do, but his question ends up being rhetorical. He knows she would never give into the pressure and lie.However, he still hates himself and thinks he’s not good enough to die a martyr. Danforth, Parris, Cheever, and Hale return and start questioning Proctor so they can write down his confession.John begins to confess, but he falters when Rebecca Nurse is led into the cell and expresses her disappointment.John refuses to name any names of other people he’s seen with the Devil, and Danforth becomes frustrated.Hale manages to persuade Danforth to accept this and allow John to sign the confession as-is.John balks at actually signing his name to the confession.He finally does so, but then he snatches the signed paper away.He doesn’t want to be held up by the court as an example to other prisoners. John says he can’t bring himself to bind his name to such a shameful lie.Danforth is incensed and insists that the document must be an honest confession, or Proctor will hang.Proctor tears up his confession.He finally decides he does have some decency within him, and it will be manifested in this final sacrifice.Danforth orders the hangings to commence.Parris and Hale beg Elizabeth to convince John to reconsider as John and Rebecca are led off to the gallows.Elizabeth refuses; she realizes that this is what John needs to do.He’d rather die with dignity than live in shame, and she respects his choice. Yeah do whatever you want John. Honestly, I don't know why you didn't just tell them you're pregnant too - these guys will believe anything. The Crucible Act 4Quotes In this section, I'll list a few of the most important quotes in Act 4 and explain why they matter. â€Å"Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks - you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that Old Boy.†Tituba, pg. 3 This is probably the most substantive line spoken by Tituba in the play.She recognizes the culture in Salem as overly repressive and conceives of â€Å"the Devil† in a different light.The Devil is not an evil presence; he represents freedom from the bonds of a society that forces people to deny their humanity constantly.Tituba feels that the Devil is provoked into mischief by the hypocrisy of the citizens of Salem. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this - I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes.† Danforth, pg. 9-120 This quote provides deeper insight into Danforth’s character and state of mind.He feels that he can’t postpone the hangings now because he may be seen as weak and indecisive.He definitely can’t pardon the prisoners because people might suspect mistakes were also made in past convictions.Every person brought in by the trials and convicted must receive an equally harsh punishment, or Danforth’s reputation will be decimated.He is so authoritarian that he would hang ten thousand people who objected to a law without stopping to consider whether this big of an uprising could indicate major flaws in the law itself. Danforth is dependent on this concept of the infallibility of the law because it allows him to maintain control. â€Å"I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. Beware, Goody Proctor - cleave to no faith where faith brings blood. It is mistaken law that leads you to sacrifice. Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Let him give his lie. Quail not before God’s judgement in this, for it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride.† Reverend Hale, 122 Hale is a disillusioned shell of the man he was at the beginning of the play.He initially felt that he was bringing enlightenment to Salem, but he inadvertently brought destruction instead.His good intentions rooted in a strong faith led to the loss of innocent lives.Hale argues that throwing away one’s life, even if it’s done in adherence to God’s commandments, leaves a darker moral stain on the world than giving a false confession.This advice is largely an effort to assuage his guilt about the situation. He won’t be able to live with himself if all these people die because of his mistakes. â€Å"Let them that never lied die now to keep their souls. It is pretense for me, a vanity that will not blind God nor keep my children out of the wind.† John Proctor, 126 John is convinced that he is not worthy of dying as a martyr because he has already lied and committed immoral acts in his life.He feels his soul beyond saving, so he should stop acting all virtuous and just confess.There is no point in remaining honest if he is already going to Hell with or without this false confession. At least if he lives, he can continue to provide for his kids and postpone an unpleasant afterlife. â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feel of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† John Proctor, pg. 133 Proctor has this outburst after he snatches his signed confession away from Danforth.He can’t bring himself to permanently sacrifice his reputation by signing the confession. He feels his self-loathing and inevitable suffering in the afterlife is punishment enough (â€Å"I have given you my soul†). He can’t stomach the idea of also being defined by his confession in the eyes of society and history.He knows his name will forever be associated with cowardice and a lack of integrity. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† Elizabeth Proctor, pg. 134 Elizabeth refuses to dissuade John from revoking his confession.She can see that he has achieved freedom from his own self-loathing through this final truthful act.If she persuades him to return and confess, she might as well not save his life at all because he will feel so utterly worthless after throwing away this last bit of integrity. John's destruction of his confession is similar to ripping up a check and throwing it in someone's face when they offer to pay off your debts just to show that their power over you. In both cases, for better or for worse, pride wins out over self-preservation. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Act 4 Thematic Analysis Here's a list of the major themes that are expressed in Act 4 along with some short explanations and analyses. Irony Danforth makes a few ironic statements in Act 4 as he interrogates Elizabeth and John.In observing Elizabeth’s lack of emotion when he asks her to help them convince John to confess, he says â€Å"A very ape would weep at such calamity! Have the Devil dried up any tear of pity in you?† (pg. 123)He is shocked that she isn't acting more upset even though he has shown no remorse for condemning people to death throughout the play. In fact, he expressed his viewpoint that "I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes" (pg. 120).He can't understand why Elizabeth doesn't fall apart and beg her husband to confess because he doesn't grasp the idea that an action can be legally prudent but morally distasteful. Later in Act 4, Danforth becomes angry at the implication that John’s confession may not be the truth.He says â€Å"I am not empowered to trade your life for a lie† (Danforth pg. 130). This is an example of tragic irony because Danforthhas been trading people’s lives for lies this whole time. He has sentenced numerous people to death based on lies about their dealings in black magic, and he has accepted the false confessions of those who would rather lie than be executed. Hysteria Though there is less evidence of hysteria in this act, Danforth, for one, is still very much caught up in the â€Å"WWIIIIIITTTTCHHHH† mindset.As John gives his confession, Danforth says to Rebecca Nurse â€Å"Now, woman, you surely see it profit nothin’ to keep this conspiracy any further. Will you confess yourself with him?† (pg. 129).He remains convinced that everyone is guilty. Danforth also becomes frustrated with Proctor when he won’t name names in his confession: â€Å"Mr. Proctor, a score of people have already testified they saw [Rebecca Nurse] with the Devil† (pg. 130). Danforth is convinced that John knows more about the Devil's dealings than he has revealed. Though Rebecca Nurse's involvement has already been corroborated by other confessors, Danforth demands to hear it from John. This testimony will confirm that John is fully committed to renouncing his supposed ties to Satan. Reputation As the hysteria over the witch trials dies down, it becomes apparent that the reputations of the accused continue to influence how they are treated as prisoners.Parris begs Danforth to postpone the executions of John and Rebecca because they’re so well-respected that he’s received death threats for going along with their hangings.He says, â€Å"I would to God it were not so, Excellency, but these people have great weight yet in the town† (pg. 8). However, Danforth’s own reputation as a strong judge hangs in the balance, and he dares not damage it by getting all wishy-washy. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering† (pg. 9). John Proctor’s concern for his reputation also plays a role in the events of Act 4. He goes to the gallows instead of providing a false confession because he realizes his life won't be worth living if he publicly disgraces himself in this way:â€Å"How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† (pg. 133). Power and Authority In Act 4, many of the power structures that were in place earlier in the play have broken down or become meaningless.Though the judges and reverends technically still hold official positions of authority, Reverend Parris has been subjected to death threats, and Salem as a whole seems to be in complete disarray.The judges now have little respect for Parris ("Mr. Parris, you are a brainless man!" pg. 7), who has become weak and vulnerable following the loss of his life's savings. The prisoners have lost what little faith they had in the earthly authority figures who have failed them, and they look towards the judgment of God.John ultimately realizes the only power he has left is in refusing to confess and preserving his integrity.As Elizabeth says to him, â€Å"There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is!† (pg. 127). In steadfastly refusing to confess,Rebecca Nurse ends up holding onto a significant amount of power. The judges cannot force her to commit herself to a lie, and her sacrifice will deal a serious blow to their legitimacy. Guilt Several characters are still dealing with intense guilt at the end of The Crucible.After quitting the court in Act 3, Hale did some self-reflection and decided to return to Salem to advise the accused witches to confess.His rationalization is that encouraging people to lie to save their lives is a forgivable sin, but being responsible for the deaths of innocentsis not.He’s wracked with guilt over the part he played in kicking off the witchcraft hysteria (â€Å"There is blood on my head!† pg. 121). However, because Hale is so tormented, he’s only able to consider his personal feelings about the situation. The false confessions might absolve him of his guilt, but the confessors would be forced to live the rest of their lives in shame. This might seem strange to us today (obviously you should just lie to avoid being executed!), but we have to consider the pervasiveness of religion in Puritan society. This is not just a matter of upholding one's good name in society - it's a matter of the state of one's soul. To the most devout people (like Rebecca Nurse)in such a highly religious culture, lying about involvement with the Devil might be considered worse than death. If a person dies without sin, she will go to Heaven, but if she corroborates the lie perpetuated by the courts, her soul will carry a permanent stain and could spend eternity in Purgatory or Hell. Hale's argument is less than convincing to people who have spent their whole lives in service to God and don't intend to compromise such an excellent record. Meanwhile, John Proctor continues to feel guilty for his affair and the role it has played in putting both he and his wife in mortal peril.A deep fear of hypocrisy almost persuades Proctor to confess because he would feel guilty martyring himself next to other people like Rebecca Nurse who are genuinely without sin. He says,â€Å"My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man† (pg. 126).However, he ultimately doesn’t allow his guilt to define him and refuses to give up the remainder of his integrity. Elizabeth also displays some guilt in Act 4 when she partially blames herself for pushing John into Abigail's arms("I have sins of my own to count. It takes a cold wife to prompt lechery" pg. 126). The sexism of the play shows through in Elizabeth's guilt. She has been conditioned to believe that it's her job to prevent her husband from straying by being a happy homemaker. If we weren't entirely sure that this play was written in the 1950s before, it's pretty clear now. She was bedridden, but that's no excuse for not attending to John's every need. What was she expecting? That he WOULDN'T sleep with a teenager? The CrucibleAct 4 Review Let's do a quick recap of the events of Act 4, the frustrating conclusion of The Crucible: Danforth and Hawthorne meet in a jail cell and discuss their concerns with Parris' erratic behavior and Hale's return to Salem. Parris joins them and reveals that Hale is advising the prisoners to confess. Parris also reveals that Abigail ran away with his life's savings, most likely because of the rising societal discontent withthe court's activities. Both Parris and Hale beg Danforth to either pardon the prisoners or postpone the hangings until confessions are obtained because Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor still have such good reputations, and their executions could cause an uprising. Danforth refuses because he's already executed other prisoners accused of the same crimes, and he doesn't want to look weak. They decide to bring in Elizabeth Proctor so she can talk to John and hopefully convince him to confess before he is sent to the gallows. John and Elizabeth discuss this decision, and John is leaning towards confessing because he doesn't feel he's worthy of martyrdom. Elizabeth tells him he has to make his own choice. John begins to confess, but he falters when he is ordered to sign his name to the confession and learns that itwill be displayed publicly. He tears up the confession and decides he will go to his death rather than permanently ruin his reputation and sacrifice the only integrity he has left. The officials try to convince Elizabeth to stop him, but she refuses because she recognizes this is the only way John can end his feelings of self-hatred. John and Rebecca Nurse are led to the gallows to be executed. In Miller's short afterward, entitled "Echoes Down the Corridor,"he statesthat Parris was soon voted out of office, and the families of the victims of the witch trials were later provided with compensation by the government. He claims that in the aftermath of the trials, "the power of theocracy in Massachusetts was broken." However, the events of The Crucible provide an all too clear allegory for many modern-day tragedies borne of prejudice, fear, and ignorance. What's Next? Now that you've read summaries for each act of The Crucible,check out our complete thematic analysis of the play so you can kick butt on all your English quizzes and essays. Need some quotes to flesh out your essay? Read this list of the most important quotes in The Crucible, catalogedby theme. You should also take a look at this article to see detailed analysisof the most important characters in The Crucible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Dealing with angry patient in emergency department Essay

Dealing with angry patient in emergency department - Essay Example Patients who visit an ED would be prioritized that the more serious cases would be attended to first before the physician can attend to them. A who was suffering from a bad sore throat visited the emergency when I was the doctor on duty attending my shift. At the same time a critically injured person was being rushed into the emergency on a stretcher. The person was engaged in a serious car accident and needed immediate attention. The sore- throated patient had already been waiting for an hour when I was busy in attending to another emergency case involving that of a broken limb. After attending to the serious cases I came out and ushered in the next patient who seemed extremely angry and showed his anger by throwing the newspaper that he had been reading on the couch as I approached him and told him that he would be the next patient to go inside. While emphasis is being laid on the acquisition of examination skills, less importance is being given to the communication process while filing a patient’s history. Recent studies have shown that a â€Å"patient –centered† approach is much better and more useful during a consultation because it places the patient and his cares at the centre of the inter-action. â€Å"A patient –centered approach is built on the philosophy that a patient is not a passive recipient of care and recognizes the importance of the patient’s knowledge and experience using it to guide the inter-action. (Bryne and Long, 1976) Preoccupying the patient by asking the right questions helps to create a communication channel which is vital to a patient- centered approach. The Emergency Doctor should practice a consultation style that is open, relaxed and responsive to patient’s cues. It also helps the doctor to understand and address the patient’s concerns because â€Å"it is therapeutic and sets the consultation within a truly holistic framework†. (Greenhalgh & Hurwitz,

Final Exam Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Exam Questions - Essay Example Recycling helps industries in two ways. First, it helps in making used products usable again and secondly, it helps in the development of new products using the raw material of the recycled used products. Companies need raw material to develop new products. If the process of recycling is stopped for some time, it will affect the product manufacturing processes adversely because in nature, the availability ratio of these materials is already decreasing with every passing day. If recycling is stopped, the raw material will definitely end before time because raw material from recycled products covers a large percentage of the overall raw material being provided to the companies for product development. The process of recycling produces a number of benefits for companies and for the whole environment. Some of which include reduced waste, improved environment, reduced use of energy as recycling of products takes less energy than processing raw material, and reduced pollution. In industrial product design phase, degradability and recycling of waste products help companies in reducing the cost of the product as they do not have to buy expensive raw material from suppliers which eventually increases the overall cost of the product. Recycling of products can help companies in increasing the level of production while decreasing the level of cost associated with product manufacturing. Along with decreasing the cost of product manufacturing, recycling also reduces the amount of energy required to design the products, as companies do not have to bring raw material from distant locations. Moreover, recycling also reduces the time required to manufacture products as companies do not have to arrange virgin materials from outside sources, rather they can use recycling to develop products which helps in reducing the overall duration of product manufacturing. If we talk about the role of economic cost during design phase, we can say that economic cost

Economic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Analysis - Essay Example There is an elastic demand for the industry products and services. Perfect elastic demand means that the responsiveness of the consumers towards a price change is high than the price changed. With the reduction in call rates and message rates, Celcom will register an increase in the number of consumers using this service. The elasticity of demand in Celcom Company will increase the demand of the company products services and products as compared to the other services and products offered in the telecommunication industry. The introduction of a new telecommunication service provider known as the U-mobile in the country has increased the number of close substitutes when it comes to provision of telecommunication products and services. The availability of the close substitutes has led to a greater elasticity of demand (Armstrong and Kotler 2010). The elasticity of demand in the Malaysian telecommunication industry has led to the adoption of price penetration strategy. The products of Celcom are highly differentiated from those of its competitors. That is, its products are highly customized to meet the customer demands. As part of its product differentiation, Celcom has reduced the cost per message from 50 cents to 25 cents and the cost of a call from 35 cents to 20 cents per minute. This has been done to fully differentiate its services from those of its potential competitors. Celcom has also differentiated its broadband network in a way which keeps up with the current technology in Malaysia. The broadband network has been differentiated in a way which makes it the fastest network in Malaysia compared to the networks provided by its competitors (Armstrong and Kotler 2010). Its network has been updated with the current technological advancements. The company also intends on launching a new differentiated product from those of its competitors. The U-verse will allow customers to pay their bills using the phone, book online hotel

Appropriate Police Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Appropriate Police Response - Essay Example The essay "Appropriate Police Response" tackles and discusses some of the most pressing issues facing the police on any given day during their tour of duty. In addition to having one of the highest suicide rates of any profession, police force members face daily risks which put life and limb in danger. Three major factors in police response are communications, use of force and professional community relations. Communications aspect is a very critical component of any police response to calls for help in emergency situations. This is because the responders have to judge correctly the situation before going in, such as a hostage situation. The point is that a police officer has to read the situation correctly in terms of its riskiness, analyze the threats to the public and to the police officer himself without resorting to unnecessary force. If the situation is diffused peacefully, then so much the better. Another case is when an officer sees a teenager carrying a knife in a dark and deserted alley but who has failed to respond when told to stop and drop the knife. This situation calls for a quick but critical thinking by asking a few questions: is the teenager a mentally-challenged youth who did not understand what he was doing, is the youth hearing-impaired and did not hear the pol ice officer or is this a young man newly arrived in America and does not understand even a few simple, basic English words? If mishandled, this situation can escalate and perhaps even turn tragic if miscommunication occurs.

The World Development Indicators Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The World Development Indicators - Research Paper Example As per World Bank report, with regard to ease of doing business, the country ranks at 63rd position out of total 183 economies of the world. The efficient infrastructure of the country accelerates economic development of the country. It will be appropriate to scan some of the important Macroeconomic parameters to get the feel of country’s overall economic health and risks associated in doing the business in the country. On macroeconomic front the country shows average GDP growth rate of around 2.5 percent and saving rate of around 10%. The long term unemployment rate of around 2% is within the acceptable norms compared to many big ticket economies including U.S. where currently, the unemployment rate is ruling around 8-10 percentage. Average inflation rate in the last 4 years is less than 3% (except the year 2008) which is quite moderate. State debt in percentage of GDP shows reasonably controlled fiscal management of the economy. It can be concluded from the above mentioned analysis that the Czech Republic does not pose any risk in doing the business at macroeconomic level; however, with regard to ease of doing business, it takes longer time to establish business in Czech Republic. Cell phone is a consumer product and utility gadget and due to ongoing technological up gradation offers huge possibility of expansion in the market for at least a few years to come. In view of this, the company must ponder over entering Czech Republic to harness the business potential available as on date.

Appropriate Police Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Appropriate Police Response - Essay Example The essay "Appropriate Police Response" tackles and discusses some of the most pressing issues facing the police on any given day during their tour of duty. In addition to having one of the highest suicide rates of any profession, police force members face daily risks which put life and limb in danger. Three major factors in police response are communications, use of force and professional community relations. Communications aspect is a very critical component of any police response to calls for help in emergency situations. This is because the responders have to judge correctly the situation before going in, such as a hostage situation. The point is that a police officer has to read the situation correctly in terms of its riskiness, analyze the threats to the public and to the police officer himself without resorting to unnecessary force. If the situation is diffused peacefully, then so much the better. Another case is when an officer sees a teenager carrying a knife in a dark and deserted alley but who has failed to respond when told to stop and drop the knife. This situation calls for a quick but critical thinking by asking a few questions: is the teenager a mentally-challenged youth who did not understand what he was doing, is the youth hearing-impaired and did not hear the pol ice officer or is this a young man newly arrived in America and does not understand even a few simple, basic English words? If mishandled, this situation can escalate and perhaps even turn tragic if miscommunication occurs.

Custom Building of an IT Infrastructure of an Organization Assignment

Custom Building of an IT Infrastructure of an Organization - Assignment Example In other words, customization helps an organization to get the right tool for the right job.   Once the organization has come to an understanding with the IT department too custom build the IT infrastructure, there are various methods which can be of great help in achieving this. Some of these methods are as explained below.   There is this famous saying that says: â€Å"if you can’t beat them, join them.† You can never defeat an expert in his own game, so, the only constructive choice that you have is to seek out his expertise to improve the way you handle your operations. This method of building your IT infrastructure is the best so far since in as much you get expert advice on how you can solve your problems with their diverse experience and knowledge; they will give you different alternatives and then help you in deciding the right avenue for your organization. One of the advantages that make this method stand out is that experts will never go wrong in helping you to decide for your organization (this statement is only true if you let them understand your business’ operations). The disadvantage of this method is that experts are always expensive to hire or consult.   One of the greatest assets that a company can have when it comes to technology is the IT department.

The Stereotyping of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans Essay Example for Free

The Stereotyping of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans Essay Stereotypes have existed in different forms throughout history. Although they are prevalent in all areas of the world, most countries have overcome name calling various ethnic groups to a degree better than the past. However, people in America still place several racist connotations on minorities. This is ironic because the United States is considered to be a giant melting pot of different cultures, and Americans still are racist toward diverse ethnic groups. Hispanics are one minority Americans constantly categorize and even degrade with derogatory names. Hispanics are consider to be from large families, dirty, not born in the US, unable to speak English, uneducated, eat too much beans and tacos, good dancers, and that they are gangsters who like to get tattoos and ride on low riders. Many people have bad images of the Mexican race because they see one Mexican person who dress a certain way or even acts a certain way and they assume they are all bad people. For example if you see a Hispanic man that is baldheaded and has on baggie clothes people assume that he is a gangster by the way he looks. On the other hand most Mexicans perceive Anglo Americans to be arrogant, over-bearing, aggressive, conniving, rude, unreliable and dishonest because of the unscrupulous actions of some. They worked hard to get were they are today in society. Today, Hispanic-Mexican people face challenges living between two cultures, and one of these is in employment. Hispanic-Mexican people receive reduced wages and are forced into stereotypical fields because of stereotypes and discrimination, and from their education. First, a challenge Hispanic-Mexican people face is discrimination and stereotypes which lowers their wages and keeps them in certain job areas, but for an adequate education to allow them to compete in an increasingly challenging job market condemns too many of them to unemployment, underemployment, or work in professions with little promise for upward mobility and jobs with decent salaries. Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of mixing by the Spaniard and low-grade Indians. This mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. There are many incidents where Hispanic-Mexican women are viewed, stereotypically, as a woman only capable of being a housewife, and as a sexual object. They also argue that cross-cultural conflict Hispanic-Mexican people have to deal with on an everyday basis, in this, purely dominated by Caucasians. In Hispanic-Mexican culture the wife might perform work outside the household; this was usually an acceptable alternative only in cases of extreme economic duress. In such cases, her efforts were limited to a restricted number of options, almost always of a part-time nature, and contributed nothing to improve her subservient status within the house. This division of authority established between man and wife was perpetuated by their offspring. Girls were taught distinct behavior patterns and were encouraged to adopt specifically defined aspirations quite different from their brothers, beginning at an early age. Motherhood was the ideal objective of all young girls and the primary virtue of all those who achieved it. Throughout the course of my life I have lived in different areas and have been subject to different viewpoints about race and ethnicity. In each of the areas I have lived, I have experienced differences and things in common in how people are treated. When I was very young I was the minority and other times I have been a majority. I currently live in a majority Hispanic-Mexican community. The Westside of Phoenix, AZ has a much less diversified population, yet racism, media, and the government still contributes to the discrimination of many of the residents, which has caused uncertainty and grave disadvantages. Right now Arizona is going through the 1920’s, and 30’s with the treatment of Hispanic-Mexican people. The governor, sheriff and the rich have come to the conclusion that all Mexicans are criminals and should be deported just like the U. S. government did in the 1920’s with the mandatory deportation of all Mexican people whether they were legal or not. Nativist scholars and politicians feared mongrelization as a by-product of contact with Mexicans, and in 1925 a Princeton economics professor even spoke of the future elimination of Anglo Americans by interbreeding with Mexicans. They were considered at that time by Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of mixing by the Spaniard and low-grade Indians. And as late as 1969, a California judge ruling in an incest case reiterated similar racist beliefs. He stated in court: Mexican people think it is perfectly all right to act like an animal. We ought to send you out of this country. You are lower than animals maybe Hitler was right. The animals in our society probably ought to be destroyed†. This mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. They also did increasing violence perpetrated by Anglo Americans made Mexicans and Mexican Americans intensely aware of their subordinate status within the American Southwest. They did not have equal protection under the law, despite the guarantees of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the U. S. Constitution, and several laws were passed to specifically control their way of life. According to Griswold del Castillo: A Sunday Law imposed fines ranging from ten to 500 dollars for engaging in `barbarous or noisy amusements which were listed as bullfights, horse races, cockfights, and other tradition California amusements. At the same time, a vagrancy law called `the Greaser Law was passed. This law imposed fines and jail sentences on unemployed Mexican-Americans who, at the discretion of local authorities, could be called vagrants They are doing these things again here in Arizona. They have done it with SB1070 and have put fear in a lot of Mexican-Americans and Mexicans because this law is Racial Profiling or Stereotyping against all the Hispanic people here. They have ripped so many families apart by deporting one of the parents or even both leaving the children alone or with a parent missing. This law is like having Hitler here going after the Jewish people the only difference is that Arizona is not exterminating them. I have these people for many years and have learned, lived and raised children with them. They are not what my government sees them as. They are a proud people with strong family values and culture. They are not stealing the jobs from white people, but are doing the jobs that the white people refuse to do. Now because of how Arizona wants to act the cost of dairy, fruits and veggies has gone very high. The farmers can’t afford to pay what the prisons want nor the regular white guy who is willing to work in the field. References: del Castillo, Richard Griswold, and Arnoldo de Leon. North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996. McWilliams, Carey. North from Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States, updated by Matt S. Meier. New York: Praeger, 1990. Between Two Worlds: Mexican Immigrants in the United States, edited by David G. Gutierrez. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996. Samora, Julian, and Patricia Vandel Simon. A History of the Mexican-American People. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.

Globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Introduction What is globalization? Globalisation is the integration of cultures and economies across geographical boarders. Globalisation has made trade and communication possible throughout the world in the shortest possible time. Compare and contrast the main features of globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The difference in globalisation in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries are:- While free trade was imposed on the rest of the world markets in third world countries were opened simply because they were not independent nations. Direct foreign investments increased rapidly during 1870 to 1913. The first half of the nineteenth century saw free trade being practiced only by Britain. However, in the twentieth century government debt became tradable in the global market for financial assets. The similarities in globalization in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries are:- In the nineteenth century international trade was attributed to trade liberalization, direct foreign investment increased rapidly during the nineteenth century. Lending at international bank was also substantial. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century witnessed a significant integration of international markets to provide a channel for portfolio investment flows. The cross-national ownership of securities including government bonds reached very high levels during this period. Also in the twentieth century there was an increase in the degree of openness in most countries, in international trade, investment and finance. While the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a phenomenal expansion in international trade flows. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/deglobalisation-what-is-it-and-why-britain-should-be-scared-1521674.html (accessed 01 November 2010 6:23 a.m.) What is deglobalisation? Deglobalisation is the disintegrations of the economies of the world to their individual status where they do not engage in trade, imports and exports with other countries. To what extent has the 2008 crisis and recession brought about deglobalisation? Globalisation brought with it free trade of goods and services between countries and boarders. Many persons left their countries of birth to migrate to other countries in search of a better life, nurses from as far as Trinidad were and still are being employed in England and America. Persons from anywhere in the world can go to America and enjoy a doubles which is a Caribbean (East Indian) delicacy. The debate on globalization continue as people try to make sure that the benefits of global trade outweigh the costs for all countries. However, with the recession of 2008 many developed and developing nations have felt the impact of the recession specifically in Europe and the United States. Recession is caused by inflation, where to much money is chasing to little goods. In Ireland, many home owners took out a second mortgage to purchase second homes. Regretably many of home owners were unable to repay these loan and the banks took control of thes properties. In many instances these homes were sold for less than the homeowner was owing to the financial institution. Many persons who migrated to these countries in search of a better standard of living and employment opportunities are now leaving these countries and returning to their country of birth. This is as a result of an increase of unemployment due to many companies being unable to pay its workforce and meet its overhead expenditures. Though economies of the world are experiencing economic recession, globalisation have to a large extent allowed many countries to survive since countries can still trade their goods and services with other countries with the hope of rebuilding their economies. To what extent do the positive aspects of globalisation outweigh its negative effects? According to Deepak Nayyar globalization is the expansion of economic transactions and the organisation of economic activities across the political boundaries of nation states. Globalisation is associated with increasing economic openness, growing economic independence and deepening economic integration in the world economy. Globalisation has allowed persons from all economic brackets to be exposed to what the world has to offer in terms of goods and services. Negative effects of globalization are:- Nayyar however, stated persons who cannot afford to purchase these goods and services are left frustration or alienation which can lead to increase in crime, violence and drugs. Some seek refuge in ethnic identities, cultural chauvinism. For example, in Trinidad and Tobago whenever an international performer is coming in there is usually a high incidents of robberies since persons who cannot afford to attend these show robs others in an attempt to do so. Globalisation have also resulted in a widening in the gap between the rich and the poor in the worlds population, as also between the rich and poor people within countries has widened. Income distribution within countries also worsened with globalization and income inequality increased. The incidence of poverty increased in most countries of Latin America, the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa during the 1980s and the 1990s. Nayyar further went on to state that much of Eastern Europe and Central Asia experiences a sharp rise in poverty during the 1990s. Unemployment in the industrialised countries has increased substantially since the early 1970s and remained at high levels since then. Due to trade liberalisation there has been an increase in wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers since the labour market being liberalised has also become highly competitive. An example many skilled construction workers from other caribbean countries and also China are being used locally in Trinidad in the construction section since there has been in short of this expertise in this area locally. M. Panic stated in the article negative issues with support what Nayyar also stated in his article the evidence of which are as follows:- Does Europe need neoliberal reforms? the extremely objectionable nature of the unregulated, free market version of the system was demonstrated globally in the 1930s with devastating consequences: its inherent tendency to prolonged and costly crises (the Great Depression, mass unemployment), social deprivation and division (extreme poverty for the many in the mass unemployment), social deprivation and division (extreme poverty for the many in the midst of great wealth for the few)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ German economic growth and levels of unemployment, for so long among the most impressive in the industrialized world, were only slightly better. Again, empirical evidence in support of the neoliberal claim that unemployment in Germany was caused by over-regulation was found to be extremely weak (Fuchs and Schettkat, 2000, p. 238) Conclusion While, many world trade and export-led growth strategies are collapsing, surplus countries face big obstacles in expanding domestic demand, and many emerging market economies are in deep trouble. World trade is collapsing much faster than expected-and much faster than predicted on the basis of the past example of this can be seen in the United States and Europe specifically Ireland where many homeowners are unable to pay their mortgages. Globalisation have also resulted in the devaluation of the US dollar which is a direct impact of the recession that the country is presently facing. For any nation to be imbalance globally can only work to this country and its population disadvantage since the negative impacts are not only economic but also far reaching social issues. Therefore based on the information listed above I can conclude that the negative effects far outweigh the positive. APPENDIX A C:Documents and SettingsRAVidaleDesktopWorld trade volume rose in August after a dip in July; Eurozone only advanced market to see export growth; World industrial production also grew_filesWorld-trade-oct262010.jpg