Inventory System Essay

With our fast-paced developing society, many of our institutions optimize to perform their procedures in a computerized manner. They consider this as a great reliable process to lean on. They believe that this method will help them catch-up with this quick changing situations that they encounter each day. However, it is hard to imagine that many of us still stick to the manual method knowing that computerized system is just there waiting for them to take advantage of. There are several reasons that are forcing them to be stuck with to this traditional system. One of these is illiteracy; no one in this world is unable to understand and adapt to the computerized system if it will be properly introduced and taught. Another one is being doubtful with the system; they believe that manual system can perform less error than an automated system. But as the years goes by, a number of certain works have grown indicating that the manual method is not practical and efficient anymore. Nowadays, people have become more conscious with their time and they find essential ways on how they can do such work in less time or how they can do their number of works at the same time. This study is aimed at developing a computerized system for a barangay that still practices a traditional way of creating a Barangay Clearance and management of database. We will do this by incorporating the technology of using camera and stylus pen for creating a Barangay Clearance. We will also use the computer to properly manage their files. By using our system, their barangay employees can have fast, more practical and efficient way of doing their tasks. This chapter will provide an overview of the study, present general and specific objectives, state the scope and limitations, and give its significance. Background of the Study Barangay Molino VI was formed by Governor Juanito Remulla, it was then only the Soldiers Hills IV Subdivision, which was comprised of four (4) phases. The first appointed Barangay Chairman was Mr. Reu Lucio Samaco. He was appointed by then Governor Juanito Remulla. The first Sangguniang Barangay Officials were the Homeowners Association Officers of the four phases of the Subdivision. The legality of the appointment of Mr. Reu Lucio Samaco was questionable at that time, since he was in active service in the military consequently; Mayor Victor Miranda then appointed Mr. Tarsicio Dalman and assumed the office of the Barangay Chairman. After two years of assuming as interim Barangay Official, a Barangay Election was held in 1994. Thus, Mr. Tarsicio Dalman ran for the position of a Barangay Chairman and won. Together with his Barangay Kagawad officials who also won were Antero Anero, Wilfredo Arjinal, Mario Cruz, Joey Eslao, Jose Virrey, Remedios Prospero and Amante Isla. They were the first elected Sangguniang Barangay Council. The first elected Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman was Amil Rasuman and the Appointed Secretary was Gloria Galve and likewise the Barangay Treasurer was Evelyn Soriano. In 1997, another Barangay Election was held, another victory again for Mr. Tarsicio Dalman as Barangay Chairman. He served the Barangay Molino VI until his untimely death December in 2000. The first elected Kagawad then assumed the Barangay Chairmanship was Ms. Remedios Prospero. It was in the term of Kapitana Remy, as she was fondly called by her constituents that Barangay Molino VI ballooned in terms of population, housing, and small business. As of now, Barangay Molino VI is composed of four Subdivisions: the Soldiers Hills IV Subdivision which comprises of four phases, BF el Grande Homes II, BF Topman Homes II, and Woodwinds Village with a total population of 17,000. We have also identified depressed areas which are located around the perimeter of the subdivision, named as Maralit Compound, ARC Compound, the Creekside, Manggahan Alonzo Area, the Block 16 Hicban Area and Block 12 Barracks. The dominant religion in this barangay is the Roman Catholic which is about fifty percent, the Iglesia Ni Cristo about 25 percent and the remaining percentage is divided among the Protestants, Jehovah Witnesses, and Islam respectively. The researcher of this study proposed a system named Design and Development of a Computerized Barangay Clearance with Information System for Barangay Molino VI that will help the barangay constituents. To properly manage their files in a computerized manner create a process of Barangay Clearance done in a more efficient way. This system will be helpful for the maintaining, searching, and storing of records of those residents that have past incident reports. This will help barangay employees to do their work in a faster and more reliable process. Theoretical Framework As Carlos Richard A. Bawalan, Edgar C. Miguel, Ma. Carmela M. Reyes and John Frederick Sia Sy stated in their study entitled â€Å"Faculty Tracking Device† â€Å"Nowadays, we are dependent on computers from simple to complicated computation, from small to big business and many more. Computers are here to stay and will continue to increase its influence in the lives of many people, throughout the future. Different transactions are made easy through a computer companies which are using computers especially to their databases. Companies believe that through computerization, they save time and effort and they are sure that their work is accurate and reliable.† As new programming languages have developed, features have been added that let programmers express ideas that are more remote from simple translation into underlying hardware instructions. Because programmers are less tied to the complexity of the computer, their programs can do more computing with less effort from the programmer. â€Å"The process of preparing programs for a digital computer is especially attractive, not only because it can be economically and scientifically rewarding, but also because it can be an aesthetic experience.† -Donald Knuth However, testing by itself does not improve software quality. Test results are indicators of quality, but in and of themselves, they don’t improve it. Try to improve software quality by increasing the amount of testing; the software development techniques you use determine how many errors testing will find. If you want to improve your software, don’t test more; develop better. â€Å"A program is never less than 90% complete, and never more than 95% complete.† – Terry Baker Lastly, computerized systems are not really perfect or we can say that a perfect computerized system does not exist. We have chosen this as one of our principles because we cannot prevent criticisms from the users of our system especially those with people who are not really knowledgeable about the capabilities or limited capabilities of a computerized system. We can promise them improvement, but not absolute perfection. â€Å"If we think across so many different scenarios, the way they were typically done a few years ago and the way they will typically be done a few years from now, it will show a dramatic change†¦ We are developing software that’s in the car, in the phone, of course in the PC, the set-up box, the watch. All the places where software can run, we want to make sure that we do the best we can to make that connect up and to make it seamless.† – Bill Gates As emphasized by Bill Gates, the owner and founder of Microsoft Network, we have a need for computerization to be able to compete with other countries and demonstrate their potential when it comes to globalization. Aside from most of the possible gadgets to be automated, Mr. Gates envisions greater means in enhancing one’s chance in becoming successful. Truly, this experienced entrepreneur and Information Technology magnate has the ideologies of the best chances and ways in achieving the betterment of different business industries. â€Å"With the renewed business confidence, we intend to promote the country as the e-service hub of Asia and seize the I.T.’s potent opportunity for growth and development. The government and the private sector have developed the electronic commerce action agenda or ISP.com to achieve this objective. The ISP.com is a comprehensive strategy to develop an environment conducive for the investment in, and growth of E-commerce. The plan identifies a focus market where Filipino companies can concentrate to maximize inherent advantages of the country’s human resource† – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Obviously, the former President wants the Filipinos to realize that it is never too late to discover and learn the possible advantages that we can gain from adopting Information Technology (I.T.) for various businesses. To be sure, great innovation can take place if the country will just communicate and seek the assistance of people who are knowledgeable when it comes to enhancing I.T possibilities. Definitely, our country needs to wake up and see the great possibilities I.T. can bring, once it is being employed.

Dunkirk-Not a Triumph? Essay

Many people also believed that Dunkirk was a disaster; it was a disaster in a number of ways. Firstly, there were many casualties in the battle. 68,000 of the British Expeditionary Force perished during the barrage, along with about a quarter of the remaining French military. Along with the loss of vital live came the massive losses of equipment. Overall, nearly 40,000 pieces of equipment were surrendered to the enemy, including 17,000 machine guns, 12,000 field guns, 2,800 anti-aircraft guns and 475 tanks. This was one of the worst losses of equipment ever sustained by the British military. In this part of my essay I am going to prove how the next four sources challenge the interpretation of Dunkirk being a triumph. Firstly, to help the statement that Dunkirk was not a triumph is source B10 as it argues the fact that it was not organised there was a lot of waiting around and the horrific state of the soldiers, â€Å"while among the crowds on the beaches were shell-shocked, dazed so ldiers wandering about trying to find some shelter from the bombing.† The source was created by John Harris, a historian. This source is taken from a book about the great military battles. The purpose of this source is to sell and he wants other people to understand his point of view. This source is very reliable because it is written by a historian, therefore he will be very knowledgeable about the research and he will know what he is talking about, but the source was written in a poetic and dramatic way, so John Harris may be emphasizing the content of this source. The usefulness of this source is very good as it gives us a slight understanding of what state the soldiers were in, and what type of things they would experience whilst on the beaches of Dunkirk, â€Å"some of the men were even bomb-happy and on the edge of hysteria.† Meaning that soldiers were so tired that they were laughing; mentally falling apart and that there was no getting away from the bombs, they were constant. This source is also useful as it gives a soldiers point of view. However, the book is John’s own interpretation, meaning that it could be inaccurate. The next source that does support this statement is source B12 which disagrees that Dunkirk was a triumph as argues at it being â€Å"a military defeat†. However this source does portray across that it was â€Å"a propaganda victory†, this would be because newspapers started this myth of the battle being a victory and the government just let them carry on with it, did not question their decisions. The source was created by a BBC news reporter. The purpose of this was to give out information. This source is reliable as it is by the BBC, which a British news company that is repetitively well respected and trustworthy, the BBC are also criticising reports from starting the Dunkirk myth. However, this source is hindsight. This source would be useful as it helps prove the statement, ‘Dunkirk was not a triumph?’, because it shows that propaganda was used to manufacture of Dunkirk being a victory and almost rule out the negative side of Dunkirk. The third source that I will use that will support Dunkirk not being a triumph is B14. It tells us about a senior army officers experience during Dunkirk, already this source is reliable as Brian Horrocks was there, but he is remembering events that happened, but on the other hand you tend to always remember significant events. The purpose of this officer writing his autobiography is to make money,( to increase sales he has written it in an emotional way that will make it more interesting) celebrate his life story and use it as historical evidence. The author had first-hand experience of these events which makes it so reliable. The source tells us what a soldier would remember about the retreat to Dunkirk, â€Å"shame and exhaustion†- this would be because when the troops had returned to Britain Churchill would not allow them to go back and bring back more evacuees. Brian Horrocks gives us some idea of what the tactics were like for both sides, Nazis used Blitzkrieg and where well prepared, whereas Britain and France where making tactical errors and major flaws. The final source that I am going to use that will back up Dunkirk being a disaster is B16; Lord Haw-Haw is questioning Churchill’s tactics, Churchill being a liar and how many more lives he is willing to sacrifice. Lord Haw-Haw (British citizen, heavily influenced by the Nazis) broadcasted this on a radio hearing on the 17th June 1940. This source shows that not everyone believed in Winston Churchill’s views and therefore where willing to question him. The purpose was to undermine British confidence, so that eventually Churchill will start questioning himself, also undermined British propaganda.

Defining the Scope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defining the Scope - Essay Example There, however, comes a time when there is need to have some changes to the scope, and this automatically brings challenges to the operations. Scope changes, no matter how overwhelming, are always going to happen. The schedule may be one area in which scope changes affect the goings-on of a project. This then affects the schedule laid out at the beginning of the project, which in turn may affect the projected objectives and goals. Furthermore, the quality of the project may be affected if the situation is not salvaged quickly and efficiently. Quick fixes are often seen in this phase, thus; eroding the quality of the entire project. Unfortunately, there is also the issue of morale. People working on a project when faced with changes can become frightened and confused. People often plan ahead when it comes to projects, but sudden changes may affect the anticipated direction leading to low morale (Schwalbe, 2013). Handling these changes may be difficult, but it has to be done. One of the best ways to handle this would be to keep calm and stay in control. Once panic is present, then the entire project may be doomed. Change control mechanisms are crucial at this point, which may point out what direction to take to reach the intended objectives. Different people may have different control mechanisms so it is vital to understand what best works for the project team. One thing that is a fundamental part of this control mechanism is communication. It is vital at this point in the project phase because people need constant reassurance about their capabilities and the importance of project completion (Schwalbe, 2013). This is without compromising the quality of work

Organizational Behavior and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Behavior and Leadership - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  the manager of that organization must be able to recognize the unique perspective of the new employee in order to manage a better working relationship with that employee. This understanding of employee behaviors in order to improve organizational effectiveness is known as organizational behavior.  Management of the company needs to be fully aware of the basic goals and objectives of the company in order to implement the principles behind any organizational behavior. Some of the main objectives for the application of principles include understanding the employees’ nature, understanding the organizational culture, developing effective leaders, developing good teams, and increasing the productivity.This paper highlights that  virtually all multinational organizations have different managers, which include marketing manager, accounts manager, human resource manager, and plant manager but hardly any organization has an organizational beha vior manager. The reason is that organizational behavior is not an area of responsibility or a business function; rather it is a perspective, which provides a set of information that managers of all departments need to carry out their job responsibilities in an effective way.  The study of organizational behavior provides insights into all job related activities to the managers. Managers can use the information in many ways to improve their efficiency. Understanding of organizational behavior helps mangers understand their own motives and behaviors in order to use them in various decision-making processes and workplace communications (Luthans 2002). Greenberg (2008) found that managers deals with many people within an organization for different purposes. â€Å"An understanding of attitudinal processes, individual differences, group dynamics, intergroup dynamics, organization culture, and power and political behavior can help managers handle such interactions more effectively† (Griffin & Moorhead 2010, p. 7). Organizations expect their employees to work in teams in order to increase organizational productivity and efficiency. Groups are always

Ladders and stairways safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ladders and stairways safety - Essay Example Stairway or ladder is considered as essential to provide to the employees when nineteen inches or more elevation has to be made without any ramp, embankment, runway or personal hoist. It should be kept in mind that it is mandatory for the employers to provide its employees a ladder or a stairway in every such point of transition. If the two levels are joined by only one point of transition employers should keep that point clear of any obstacles so that the employees are ensured of a free passage of movement. However even after taking adequate precaution if that transit point gets clumsy so that the movement of the employees gets severely restricted, the employer should prepare a second point of transition between the same two levels and provide its access to their employees. Furthermore if on from the very beginning or in the course of work a certain working place gets more than once access point between two levels the employers have to ensure that one of the transit point must be open for all the time and it should be cleared of any obstacle as well. A culmination of cautiousness, precaution and technology has to be used to ensure ladder safety at work place. To avoid slipping hazards ladder should be kept free of any slippery materials such as oil, grease and other form of oily element. Even to maintain a ladder use of all these products are strictly prohibited. Even after taking all the precautionary measures, if somehow the surface of the steps catches oil immediate wipe is strictly recommended. Each type of ladder is constructed with a certain objective and using them for their particularly purpose would not only ensure their longevity but it will also keep away several unwanted incidents. While putting a ladder into use the surface quality must be carefully watched. If the surface is uneven or slippery it may easily

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business law - Assignment Example Was there any due diligence conducted by the owners of the establishment to ensure that the walk way was safe for its customers. In personal injury cases, normally the lawyers get paid from a percentage of the amount won by the lawyer. The type of damages that the business would likely pay are the actual damages which would include the cost of hospitalization, the compensation the brain surgeon would have likely earned from the time he was injured up to the remaining years of his productive life, exemplary damages and moral damages. However, these types of cases will be paid for by the insurance and whatever money the business has. The liability of its partners would be limited to the investment that they have put in. The possible defences that can be raised are the following: Contributory negligence of the brain surgeon at his age he should not be walking much less traveling during a snow storm. The place where the brain surgeon was injured is not part of the property of the busines s. The accident was predicated from an act of god which is the snow storm, without the snow storm there would not have been any accident. Therefore the accident can be considered as an act of god and therefore cannot be blamed on anybody. Answer to Question 3 The alleged crime is punishable by 1 year or more due to the length of time and the amount involved. The crime is considered a felony due to the amount involved. There will be an indictment because embezzlement is considered a public crime. Yes, I would expect the grand jury at the state level to get involved. The grand jury will determine if a crime has been committed that would warrant a trial. After you have informed or complained to the police, the police will look for evidence that would prove the existence of a crime and possible suspects. As soon as a crime has been proven to exist a prosecutor will be assigned to your case. In order for a case to be filed in court, the prosecutor will present the case to the grand jury to get an indictment. The indictment would then be used to acquire a search warrant to search the personal laptop of the accountant. The only protection the accountant has is the presumption of innocence until he has been proven to be guilty. If there is strong evidence that links the accountant to the crime, search warrants can be issued to gain access to the laptop. No, the judge is conferred the sole power and authority to mete the appropriate penalty against the accountant. The jury is empowered to award damages only in libel cases. Question 3 The case would definitely be sexual harassment. Sexual harassment exists when a female employee is subjected to unwanted conduct by her superiors. Sexual harassment is a personal crime and if the victims felt that she is being victimized then she can file a complaint or an administrative case against her superiors for acts that violate her dignity. If the action of her superiors create a hostile environment that would intimidate or humilia te her and more importantly, if her superiors would make unwanted advances which are sexual in character intended to violate her dignity or create a hostile environment that would intimidate or humiliate her a formal complaint is warranted. Another case that maybe filed collectively by the women in the work place is sexual discrimination. A defence that comes to mind is to immediately fire the erring manager. A case against the manager

Social Psychology and Health (Stress) Term Paper

Social Psychology and Health (Stress) - Term Paper Example It is analyzed that he has low measure of self efficacy and hardiness which should be treated with right clinical therapy , social support , yoga and meditation. Social psychology and Health (Stress) Here a situation is presented, where stress has played a main role in destabilizing the life of a close friend of mine. Andrew was naturally a cheerful person with high energy and spirits and was much friendly with me. Suddenly, one day Andrew’s wife informed me that he started displaying a very negative attitude towards her and his kid by shouting and yelling at them for no reason. She said that he frequently remaining silent and was not communicating with her in a peaceful manner and was displaying a sign of restlessness and loss of appetite. Due to concern, I called one of our common friends to enquire about the matter and found out that he was given ultimatum from his office and was in fear of losing his job. Moreover, Andrew himself confessed to me that, he experienced less s leep and used to leave for office often earlier than normal. Gradually, I realized that Andrew showed sign of negativism in the way he communicated, and also was smoking more than before. When I probed more in to Andrew’s problem, I found out that Andrew faced high level of pressure from his senior authorities towards the accomplishment of his sales targets and was encountering terrible stress. Here it can be observed that Andrew is not a Type A personality and considerably lacks competitive mentality and passion for work. Only if a person is highly ambitious, competitive, and has obsession for work he can work challengingly and attain success in life. Moreover, the self awareness of Andrew is not intense and he is unable to measure his performance and values to perform a particular task. He lacked perceived control and is unable to control his boss, and fell victim to desperation and frustration. Moreover, the self efficacy measure of Andrew can also be partially blamed for the stress he is experiencing. His self –efficacy measure also seems to be average and hence, he has less confidence on his abilities and is unable to visualize or picture success in risky situations. People with low self –efficacy tend to give up easily whereas, those with high self – efficacy try harder and persist more in case of failure and thereby are more likely to succeed in the long run. In addition to this, self efficacy operates like a self prophesy, the more you believe that you can accomplish a task, more are the chances of your success. Here we can also observe an element of internal attributions in Andrew’s case, as he concluded that he is unable to perform up to the expectation of his boss, due to lacking in his personal abilities and skills. He is also depicting stable attribution as he acts as if his situation is unchangeable or stable. Andrew is considerably stressed for the fear of losing job, and being a family man he possess a high fi nancial and social responsibility. Here, we can evaluate that he has less ability to cope up with an adverse situations and his learned helplessness is making things even more worse. He being pessimistic, is unable to finds a better way to solve the dilemma he is in. Unlike Andrew, some people have strong sense of coherence and have high resistance to internal and external pressures from social atmosphere, hence

Home Style Cookies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home Style Cookies - Essay Example nformation is sent to the storage silos where the ingredients are stored, afterwards, the ingredients are sent into a giant mixing machine where they are mixed in appropriate ratios. Then, the batter is poured in cutting machines, where individual cookies are cut. The cookies are sent to ovens, and flavored cookies are further sent for additional steps. Non filled cookies are cut diagonally rather than straight cut cookies as it takes less space. The cookies are sent to spiral cooling racks, after the racks they are placed in cookie boxes. The boxes are then sealed, wrapped and labeled. Yes, the company is making the right decision by not automating the packaging process. By doing so the company has a good quality control, by the fact that the destroyed cookies are not placed in the packages. And, the company is doing good for its society as well, providing job opportunities for the unemployed people. The size of the company is a big factor, if it is a small company manual labor is better for the company because that would result in low costs. If it was a large company it would have had other fields for jobs and the automation of packaging would be a better option in that case. Since the company makes cookies on the basis of orders, they dont have a lot of ending inventory. Plus whatever is produced, they are shipped immediately so that they dont have to be stored in the shelves. Because of this policy the company is able to minimize its storage and inventorial costs. The advantages that the company gets from not using preservatives in cookies are that they increase the health factors in their cookies which results in high customer demand. Because, people would prefer health over anything and since the cookies offer good health factors people will buy it in bulks. The limitations that the company gets from not using preservatives are, that the company has to sell the cookies immediately or it will result in the waste of the products. The life span of the

Peter Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Peter Jones - Essay Example Most people thus have a ready list of their most admired entrepreneurs. And to find out who are the most admired entrepreneurs, several business entities commission surveys to find out the most admired entrepreneurs list. Oprah Winfrey is perhaps today's most admired woman entrepreneur in the whole world. Forbes Magazine had listed her in 2006 as one of the richest people on earth with fortunes worth more than a billion (Haig 2006,p.155). She had also been touted as 'one of the most powerful celebrities in the United States" (Butler 2006,p.73). And yet, she has remained humble and compassionate, exerting great efforts in philanthropic works and influencing and affecting people all over the world with the inspirational and educational nature of her TV and movie shows. With all these, she had made a difference in the lives of people and this caused all the adulation and admiration heaped on her. She thus topped the list of About.com Readers' Most Admired Entrepreneur in America (Popula r Culture Association in the South 2007,p.75). In another recent survey of 1000 teenagers in America, Apple chief executive Steve Jobs edged out Oprah Winfrey and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg as the most admired entrepreneur in America. ... The rationale behind his selection was that Job "made a difference in or improved people's lives or made the world a better place" as well as because Jobs attained "success in multiple fields" (Thomson 2009, v3.co.uk) . In UK, in a poll held by the Scottish Institute of Enterprise and with 700 student entrepreneurs selected from among Scotland's 13 universities as respondents, Cobra Beer founder Karan Bilimoria came out the most admired toppling such heavyweight entrepreneurs as Richard Branson and Bill Gates. The usual reason behind the choice was that Bilimoria had "led by example and triumphed through his tenacity and strong belief in his vision". It was pointed out that Bilimoria "has had enormous success in building a business from scratch". The unexpected choice of Bilimoria had compelled Sharon Bamford, the Institute director to comment: "Vision is clearly an important quality in growing a business and is often linked with the entrepreneurial flair. However, good leaders exhibit a breadth of leadership qualities and Karan Bilimoria is a prime example of this" (Startups.co.uk). However top-notch UK entrepreneurs such as OgilvyMather managing director Guy Lambert professed that to them the mos t admired entrepreneur remains to be Richard Branson (Campaign News 2007, campaignlive.co.uk). In fact, when "other business people are asked to name the person they most admire", the oftentimes answer is Richard Branson (Bolton & Thompson 2004,p.132). Virgin founder Branson is no doubt an entrepreneurial legend and will leave this world a lasting3 legacy.

Business contract of sale of goods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business contract of sale of goods - Case Study Example This can be illustrated in the case of Thompson v. Robinson Gun makers (1955)2 here D purchased a standard Vanguard car from P and later P refused to accept the delivery of it. P's profit on the sale would have been 61 pounds, but D argued that they were not liable for this amount, since the profit would still be made when the car was sold to another customer. The court rejected this argument since the supply of this model exceeded the demand. Therefo0re if P had found another customer he could have sold a car to him in addition to selling a car to D. In this case where Roger is the driver of Reptiles-To-Go he is acting as a servant of the master, therefore any act arising from him during the course of his duty the master will be held liable .This means that Arthur who was hit by Roger will have to sue the master (Reptile-To-Go) for injury he sustained both in person and property. The rule here is that a master is held liable for the damages of his servants that are committed within the course of his employment .The tortuous act must be a wrongful way of doing what the employee is employed to do. In Limpus v. London General Omnibus Co.1862 3, a bus driver whilst racing a bus caused on the accident .his employees hold liable because he was doing what he was employed to do i.e. driving a bus although in an improper way (K Abbott, K. Ward man .Business law, 7th edition 2001) Contrast Beard v. London general omnibus Co. (1900)4 a bus conductor attempted to turn a bus around at the end of its route and in doing so he caused an accident. His employers were not held liable since he was employed only to collect fares and not drive buses. Therefore the employer will always be held liable for the acts of the servant even if the employee acts contrary to clear instructions. Rose v. plenty 19765 Q3. On the facts of case where Katie bought some nut that should have been suitable for feeding her pet pot -bellied pig Percy and they eventually died from the said nuts fall under sale by description. In this section the seller will be held responsible for any of the loss caused by the product in which he /she sold to the buyer and where the buyer relies on the seller's knowledge and skill .It is the duty of the seller to offer the buyer the best product that meets his/her description failure to which he will

United States Money History Essay Example for Free

United States Money History Essay Money is something societies have almost always had, whether it was in the form of trading, shells, or coins. Money is a currency of exchange, and exactly what is used as money doesn’t really matter, as long as the society agrees that it has value. In the United States, money has typically been coins made from precious metals or paper, all of which is backed by gold in the United States treasury. Around 1800 in the United States, the money system that is in place today was just beginning to be formed. At the beginning of the 1800’s, there was only one bank. By 1816, a second bank had begun, and it was chartered for twenty years. At this time, both coins and paper money were already being issued. When the charter was up on the second bank, about 1600 state-chartered private banks came into existence, and also issued paper currency, which was relatively new still (Pfiester). The â€Å"dollar† was already the official US currency, though, which had been issued in the late 1700’s (Factmonster). However, the paper money that the banks produced in the mid-1800’s was not standardized. Banks issued their own variety of money, which resulted in over 30,000 different designs. Money was easily counterfeited, and there was confusion in what was real money and what was not. By the late 1800’s, as the Civil War was gearing up, Congress was pressed into providing paper money via the US Treasury Department. These stayed in circulation until the 1970’s. This new money was designed with anti-counterfeiting measures, including blue and red fibers embedded in the money and the treasury seal (Pfiester). Until 1853, silver was the United States metal of choice. The silver dollar was the primary currency used. In 1853, the government replaced the silver dollar with the promise of gold. Dollar bills came out around this time, and other notes, with references to gold written on them (Davies). Until 1857, all foreign coins were considered legal currency in the United States, as most were made of precious metals like gold or silver. In 1857, the government finally decided that it had built enough support for its own currency that it did not need to accept these forms anymore. At this point, coins were only used for smaller exchanges anyway (Davies). In the early 1930’s, most currency had references to gold written on it. Gold was always used to back up money, and could be used instead of money if people owned some. A bank note, or dollar bill, was used as a promise that the government would pay. In fact, the phrase â€Å"Secured By United States Certificates Of Indebtedness Or One-Year Gold Notes, Deposited With The Treasurer Of The United States Of America† was printed on it. Gold continued to be a reference on the money through the printing of the 1928 $100 Gold Certificate. In 1934, the government stopped mentioning gold on all of the money, and made it illegal to own gold as currency (Privateer Market Letter). 1929 saw a standardization in design which, in combination with other measures, helped reduce the counterfeit rate from 25% of currency in circulation to only 1%. In 1990, microprinting and a security thread were added to further combat counterfeiting (Pfeister). Colors were introduced into the money in the early 2000’s, in addition to creating oversized pictures of presidents and placing them slightly off-center. Also, there was printing on the bills only visible under a microscope, then making it nearly impossible to counterfeit. Counterfeiting was a problem from the beginning of money, and as individuals got more sophisticated in their capabilities, Congress responded by issuing more measures against counterfeiting (Factmonster). Money has changed over the years, from being purely the trade of precious metals handled by private citizens or small local banks to being a nationally controlled system where bills and coins are backed by gold. The system developed out of necessity, primarily, and is useful still today. Money continues to change as the government issues new bills, different types of bills, and works to phase out the dollar bill, among other changes. The U. S. money history clearly lead to today’s money world. Bibliography Davies, Roy (2005). â€Å"Money in North American History. † Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. ex. ac. uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica. html. â€Å"U. S. Money History (2005). † Fact Monster. Pearson Education, Inc. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. factmonster. com/ipka/A0774856. html. Pfiester, Ron (2001). â€Å"History of US Paper Money. † Ron’s Currency. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. ronscurrency. com/rhist. htm. â€Å"A History of U. S. Paper Money (2001). † The Privateer Market Letter. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website: http://www. the-privateer. com/paper. html.

Business Plan For Patel Electric Scooter Marketing Essay

Business Plan For Patel Electric Scooter Marketing Essay PATEL Electric Scooters will offer quality used electric scooters and electric scooter parts to a growing market of electric scooter hobbyists. PATEL Electric Scooters will sell new and second-hand electric scooters as well as accessories, such as jackets, boots, jeans, helmets, waxing products, childrens clothing, and spares. It will also repair and service electric scooters. Additional services such as insurance may be provided. Why are electric scooters better than gas ones?  · Environmentally Friendly: Zero tailpipe emissions. Save the planet!  · Lower Operating Costs: Approximately 1/20th of gas equivalents. And since gas prices continue to rise, this gap will only widen. Plus, most electrics require little or no maintenance.  · Quieter Usage: Electrics are extremely quiet, with no loud noisy engine, which means they can be used in areas which require quiet, such as corporate walkways between buildings of an office campus.  · Cleaner Operation: No gas, fumes, or smokes to deal with. Youll smell better.  · More Reliable: Fewer moving parts for less maintenance and less that can break.  · Reduced Oil Dependence: The more electric motors we use, the less we depend on gas motors, and hence the less oil your country depends on. In the beginning, Patel electric scooters will offer excellent value for the first scooters. These will not bust the customers budget as 50 to 75 percent of the costs for repairs and modifications will be reduced due to experienced riders and the quality parts that will be used. Sales of scooters continue to rise as they are seen as an answer to many traffic problems; they take up less space on the road, emit fewer harmful gases and are far cheaper to run than cars. Demand for touring and specialist scooters has also increased. Traffic schemes, which allow electric scooters, mopeds and motor scooters to use their own lanes to ease congestion, are likely to become more widespread. PATEL Scooters will specialize in scooter rentals for leisure and corporate travelers at discount prices. PATEL Scooters will offer a rental rate that is guaranteed to be the lowest among all scooter rental companies. This is PATEL Scooters commitment to customer satisfaction. Scooters are more efficient then cars in many ways: they have better fuel efficiency, go at low maintenance and have lower operating costs .And also the insurance is available for a cheap price of $30-$50 a year. The targeted customers for business will be about 125000 students from Connecticut State (USA). And so the word of the customer service will eventually spread There a lot of students who use the public transport to due the problem of finding parking spaces. As the public transport offer very few options we are expecting the economical moped and car services will come into action very quickly. There are a lot of students who cannot afford to buy a car or moped but they can afford to rent a car or a moped for $50 a month or can chip in for to rent one car together. Connecticut Scooters would purchase used scooters for less than $1,000 and lease them out. Patels connection with the electric scooter community and the growing demand for quality used electric scooters and electric scooter parts will make PATEL Electric Scooters one of the most popular shops in the city. Objectives The objectives of PATEL Electric Scooters are: Capture the majority of the used electric scooter business in the Connecticut State. give a good quality service for less. â‚ ¬Ã‚  a survey will be conducted for measuring customer satisfaction; repeat customers will be the targeted customers for surveys. Primary goal will be to achieve 45% of profit margin in first two years. Mission The mission of PATEL Electric Scooters is to become the primary resource for used electric scooter parts in Connecticut. Ways of Success The key ways of success for PATEL Electric Scooters are: Repeat customers Satisfaction. Maintaining the price, quality and time beyond customers expectation. Joining experienced professionals and putting them together to work in a team. Secure and busy location near by University. As supplier play main role in any business, so establishing a supplier network become a necessity. Somehow business also depends on employee moral behavior, so rewarding them at their success, is a step ahead in customer satisfaction direction. Company Summary PATEL Electric Scooters will offer quality used electric scooters and electric scooter parts to a growing market of electric scooter hobbyists. The shop will purchase used and damaged scooters as well as used electric scooter parts. Company Ownership PATEL Electric Scooters is owned by Sumitraben Patel Start-up Expenses A electric scooter sales, repair and servicing business costs will vary considerably, depending on services provided. By selling electric scooter parts, riders who undertake their own repairs will be attracted. The premises must be big enough to display several large scooters plus accessories. An existing business could be purchased, with established reputation and customer goodwill, etc. Electric scooter Trader Directory lists suppliers of machines, components, spares, auctioneers, etc, with contact names and addresses. Initial and ongoing costs could include: A range of electric scooters, scooters, mopeds, etc. A large range of accessories, clothing, spare parts, etc. A tool kit ($300-$700). Spot welder ($200). Paint stripping equipment (from $50). Other equipment, e.g. scales ($250), brake tester ($3,700-$4,750), headlamp tester ($495). Electric scooters lift ($520-$1,300). Paddocks stand ($150). Tire fitting equipment, e.g. tire changer ($1300-$1600), wheel balancer ($1500-$1900). Mig welder (from $350). Manuals. Promotion. Staff. Insurance. Start-up Summary Sumitraben Patel will invest and also secure a $20,000 loan. The focus of the initial inventory will be on engine and electrical parts. The source of these parts is electric scooter hobbyists who sell the parts in order to purchase upgrade parts for their own electric scooters. The following table and chart show projected initial start-up costs for PATEL Electric Scooters. Legal $1,000 Stationery etc. $500 Insurance $500 Rent $1,000 Display Equipment $3,000 Expensed Equipment $5,000 Total Start-up Expense $11,000 Start-up Assets Needed Cash Balance on Starting Date $24,000 Start-up Inventory $45,000 Total Assets $69,000 Total Requirements $80,000 Funding Investment Sumitraben Patel $80,000 Total Investment $80,000 Total anticipated annual turnover for first year: $250,000 Total anticipated annual net profit: $112,500 Products We believe it is important to have quality electric scooters at a low cost, and will back each cycle with a 30 day limited warranty. Our company will make a profit by generating sales. It will provide job satisfaction and fair compensation to its employees, and a fair return to its owners. Hard work and performance is rewarded through bonuses and commissions. Job satisfaction is very important for employees and owners; we will create a work environment that is enjoyable and profitable for all. Why are electric scooters better than gas ones?  · Environmentally Friendly: Zero tailpipe emissions. Save the planet!  · Lower Operating Costs: Approximately 1/20th of gas equivalents. And since gas prices continue to rise, this gap will only widen. Plus, most electrics require little or no maintenance.  · Quieter Usage: Electrics are extremely quiet, with no loud noisy engine, which means they can be used in areas which require quiet, such as corporate walkways between buildings of an office campus.  · Cleaner Operation: No gas, fumes, or smokes to deal with. Youll smell better.  · More Reliable: Fewer moving parts for less maintenance and less that can break.  · Reduced Oil Dependence: The more electric motors we use, the less we depend on gas motors, and hence the less oil your country depends on. Electric scooters are more preferable because they:  · Scooting desires are fulfilled;  · Easy and quick, fun making local errand; Environmental friendly while saves some bucks; Convenient point to point transportation; Solves problem of parking and helps with shortcuts; Brings more fun and freedom in ones life. In comparison to gas-powered scooters, electric scooters bring better advantages for transportation as well as recreation. Comparing to gas-powered scooters, electric scooters are allowed in train plane bus etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Reduction of Noise as well as air pollution. Maintenance is lowered due to use of simple electric motors. Quick and better response when starting or climbing on hill. Many times electric scooters are purchased as a toy, still they have long life as transportation. 1.(a) rules of safety while riding scooters.  · Riders do no duck out of the traffic irresponsibly.  · Friends should not let friends ride scooters when drunk.  · Riders should not ride at high speeds on the sidewalk.  · People should not let inexperienced riders ride soaped-up scooters.  · Riders should keep in mind that pedestrians always have the right to pass first.  · Responsible parents should be sure that their children wear proper safety gear when riding scooters. PATEL Electric Scooters offers the following products: Used Electric scooters: These cycles have been inspected and occasionally reconditioned in order to offer the customer the best value. Used Parts: These quality parts include engine parts, bodywork, gas tanks, electrical parts, frame, and chassis wheels and brakes. Used Electric scooters We will have at times 20 to 50 used electric scooters. Electric scooter crash repairs PATEL Electric Scooters offers a complete range of electric scooter crash and damage repair services: Fuel Tank Repair Damaged fuel tanks dent will be repaired by using needed stud gun which welds dent area with draw pins, with the use of side hammer the dent will be pulled, by these way it makes possible to remove dent without drilling or filling. After that area will be cleared by a thin coat of glazing surface, block sand, and then high premier quality coat will be added. When it dries, tank gets ready for wet sand and final base color coat which gives a perfect finish. Plastic Repair and Welding. We will Repair plastic body parts that are costlier, like parts having scathes, cracks etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ plastic welder and rods will be used of best quality to repair cracked parts. Surety for quality We get hundred percent guarantees when the parts are perfect. And there will be no sign of damage. We will occasionally be able to repair damaged race fiberglass. We will recommend replacing the with new parts if the body work has moderate to heavy damage. parts. It takes hours get a heavily damaged part into the right shape so that it can be painted. And if the job is not dome properly the paint will look ugly and we are very keen on having a good painting job done. The money spent on the repair of a heavy damaged part will be twice the cost of a new part and secondly the part will always have the mark of the crash or the signs of hairline cracks around the mounting holes. The cost to repair a less damaged part is  ¼ the cost of a new part. In such cases we recommend to get it repaired rather than replace it. Electric scooter Insurance Repairs We will handle insurance repairs and claims to get your electric scooter back in perfect shape. All repairs will be done using factory OEM replacement parts where needed. Pick-up will be available by appointment. Electric scooter Insurance Repairs and Claim Handling PATEL Electric Scooters will work with you and your insurance company. We handle everything from writing your repair estimate and handling your insurance claim to picking up your crashed electric scooter. The insurance repair process will work as follows: Once an scooter arrives at the Patel electric scooters it will be inspected for any crash damages and a detailed written document will be made that will cover all the all the damages that occurred before the scooter arrived. We call the insurance company once the estimate of the repairs is complete they will then send an adjuster to our shop to compare our estimate to theirs. Once the estimate has been approved by the adjuster and gives the approval for the estimate after that only will the insurance company sand us the payment for the Upon approval of the estimate by the adjuster, he will submit approval of payment to the insurance company. Factory oem replacements will be ordered for every part that need replacements for the scooter to get ready for re assembling when the the new parts arrive. Market Analysis Summary The traditional customers of a electric scooter retailer are young males. The number of riders taking basic training has risen, largely due to an increase in the number of older riders (25+). They may or may not have had scooters before, will buy for leisure purposes and also tend to buy higher price scooters which have higher profit margins for the retailer. They will be car owners, and being used to service from the car market, will want to buy from clean, smart dealerships. Higher prices could be charged, as they will generally be willing to pay for a high level of service and will have a higher disposable income to spend on accessories. Women are an increasingly important customer group, as the number of female riders rises. Customers are becoming more demanding of good service, back-up and information provision, so keeping ahead of the competition will involve rigorous training for employer and staff in order to keep abreast of new technology in the market. Only a small proportion of the population owns a electric scooter, therefore there is still a large potential market for sales. The number of full electric scooter licenses held in this country far exceeds the number of scooters on the road, so it is not essential to target new riders. It may be possible to persuade lapsed riders to take up the hobby again. There is also a business sector. As roads become more clogged, car speeds in cities are decreasing significantly, and a electric scooter courier industry has developed. In such conditions scooters are substantially faster. The police and paramedics have begun to use more electric scooters for the same reason. A shop could develop a relationship with a commercial or public sector customer, taking on supply and upkeep of a fleet of scooters. Some of the larger electric scooter dealers have suffered over the last year as consumer demand has decreased. Electric scooter dealers usually have multi-franchises; links with several manufacturers rather than selling the product of one manufacturer, as happens in the car dealership market. However, developing links with a manufacturer can be very difficult. Manufacturers are trying to increase profits, and this usually means developing and assisting existing successful franchise outlets. Most areas are now well covered for dealerships. Competition also includes the car market. Despite environmental concerns, for most people the car is still the first choice for independent travel. Over the past ten years, riding has developed an entirely new customer base among baby boomer men, ages 40 to 65. Last year, electric scooter sales for this age group were twice that of young men, ages 18 to 25. These two groups represent 80% of electric scooter sales. In Connecticut State, electric scooter sales exceeded $36 million in 2009 and sales are predicted to grow by 10% this year. The demographics suggest that there is a large market for used electric scooters and electric scooter parts, especially among experienced scooters. This is particularly important because the experienced customer will seek out a shop where the owner has a reputation for quality and service in the electric scooter community. Market Segmentation PATEL Electric Scooters will focus on two customer groups: Male baby boomers, ages 40 65. Young men, ages 18 25. Competitive Comparison The suppliers have the lot of power in negotiating and setting of the prices of the products on the shop. This is a fact that the suppliers earn the most money form these kind shops and companies. It is consolidate that the repair industry have the deepest pockets and a a limit numbers of substitute customers. Finally there are the only most important suppliers to Connecticut electric scooters industry. Market Trends The market demand for electric scooter sales, repair and service industry has been relatively stable over the past decade. However, the average price per scooter has seen a steady increase, especially within the last five years. These more expensive scooters have, on average, much higher repair costs per vehicle than any older scooters. This has upset the short-term equilibrium of the industry and given incentives for new firms to enter the market. Strategy and Implementation Summary The location of a electric scooter sales, repair and services business is very important in attracting customers. A site close to the centre of town will be easily accessible to potential customers in all areas of the region. Being located near public transport routes will make it convenient for customers to use alternative forms of transport while their electric scooter is being serviced. Early and evening opening hours will accommodate those customers who need to drop off their electric scooters on their way to work, or collect them afterwards. Good presentation of the shop and staff will be useful for attracting repeat business. Neat premises and helpful, friendly staff will instill confidence in customers and further promote the business through word of mouth recommendation. To target customers in the local area, advertisements can be placed in local publications. Listings in directories will be useful, e.g. the Yellow Pages. Advertising monthly special deals on certain types of repair work in the local newspapers, is another option. Some parts suppliers offer promotional support programs for independent garages in return for stocking only their products. Often these packages include signage, point of purchase support material as well as advertising support. An increasing number of businesses are advertising their services on the Internet. Competitive Edge Sumitraben Patel, owner of PATEL Electric Scooters is one of most respected and best known Business man in Connecticut, she also own three motels in different parts of United States. Marketing Strategy PATEL Electric Scooters will establish and maintain close links with a electric scooter rider training company. Licensing requirements mean most learners will look first for a rider training company; they may not approach a dealer until they have passed their test. A good reputation is essential. If the business establishes a reputation for a friendly, knowledgeable and helpful service, new riders (including women and older riders) will be encouraged to trust and buy from it in an ongoing relationship. There are many electric scooter exhibitions and festivals; these are a good place to meet customers and others in the trade. Advertising will be undertaken according to the target market. The majority of active motorcyclists in the US read a electric scooter magazine all of which have a Product and Services Guide, plus adverts from dealers. Listings in the Yellow Pages and local business directories will be worthwhile. Local electric scooter clubs will be contacted to inform them of the services. Sales Strategy PATEL Electric Scooters will open with a Customization Show and Competition. During the first month of operation, PATEL Electric Scooters will offer a 15% discount on all purchases over $50. Sumitraben will also offer a standard 10% discount to members of the citys seven electric scooter organizations. Management Summary Bhagvat Patel will manage the daily operations of the shop under sumitraben patels supervision. Yakub and zahgir are two motorcyclist specialist, will be handling all repairs, where there salary will be 1250/month for each. Besides Sumitraben Patel, PATEL Electric Scooters will have three additional employees. Strategic Direction SWOT Analysis This is a summary of the businesss most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths of the Business Excellent quality product Which means that Adds to reputation. Good management skills. Which means that Well run business Good ability to extract information. Which means that Can control the business.- Weaknesses of the Business New Player. Which means that Credibility problem may affect initial sales Lack of systems Which means that The Company needs to develop systemised operational sales techniques or sacrifice profits Opportunities in the Marketplace Add-on products such as ** Which means that A potentially enormous market for PATEL electric scooters to tap into. Growing market segments. Which means that PATEL electric scooters should target these segments. Threats in the Marketplace Increasing supplier prices. Which means that Resulting in reduced profitability. Declining size of the ** segment. Which means that Need to focus on growing segments to spread the companys portfolio The Actual Plan (annually) Business Objectives Corporate Objectives (Goals) Short Term Corporate To achieve a sales level of $250000 To achieve profit level of 45% Marketing Objectives (Goals) {your product} #1 Segment: To achieve sales to $30000 #2 Segment: To achieve sales to $60000 #3 Segment: To achieve sales to $70000 #4 Segment: To achieve sales to $90000 New Products To evaluate and launch new products or services which will turn over $120000 in the first year. Other Objectives (Goals) To not exceed a marketing budget of $4800 To not exceed a payroll budget of $42000 To not exceed a general overhead budget of $21360 The major task objectives for each area of the organization, together with responsibilities and timings are detailed in the Roll-Out Plan. Marketing Plan MARKETING OBJECTIVES Sales Objective To achieve sales by 45% Sales Objectives by Market Segment. #1 Segment: To achieve sales to $30000 #2 Segment: To achieve sales to $60000 #3 Segment: To achieve sales to $70000 PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES Print Advertising Develop a corporate brochure. Advertise in local publications Advertise monthly in magazines that are specifically targeted to the ** and ** segments. Advertise monthly in magazines that are aimed at the general industry. Lead Generation Program Conduct monthly on-going lead generation program. Send out monthly direct mail leaflets with response coupons. Qualify leads and make appointments by using telemarketing staff. Centres Of Influence Program Personally contact at least ten potential partners each week. Produce a monthly newsletter that shows examples of (your products) and how customers have benefited from using them. PR Program PR release to be initiated each month to various trade journals and magazines. Sales Force Employ telemarketing staff. Implement a new structural program for the sales force, allocating sales reps to accounts and segments rather than area. Organize training program to be implemented. Lost Customers Contact monthly all past customers that have not re-ordered to ask why not and see whether we can win back their business. Follow up Enquiries Contact all enquirers monthly and determine if they have purchased from a competitor and, if so, why. Existing Customers Follow up all new customers two weeks after they purchase to ensure they are satisfied with the product. Send quarterly newsletter to existing customers to keep them informed of our other products. Try and up-sell all enquiries for our standard range to our premium range. Sales Promotion Develop an ongoing sales promotion to target existing customers. GENERAL MARKETING STRATEGIES Competitor Profile Keep updated competitor profile. Marketing information system Document on every enquiry How did you hear about us? Document on every order How did you hear about us? Produce monthly sales reports by product, by market segment, by territory and by sales representative. Financial Plan FINANCIAL Next Years Objectives Net Profit To achieve forecast net profit of $112500. Budget To not exceed the following expense budgets. Marketing Budget $ 4800 Payroll Budget $ 42000 Management Overheads $ 21360 FINANCIAL STRATEGIES Cash Flow Eliminate cash shortage in the traditional tight periods of December to January Collection Days Reduce the average collection days from 30 days to 15 days. Payment Days Maintain payment of bills, on average, to 20 days. Expenses Develop and implement new policies on approval and signatories on expenses. Leases Pay off the existing lease on PATEL equipment, thus reducing the monthly financial burden. Wages Pay all wages on a monthly basis instead of weekly. Inventory Improve the number of stock turns to 30000 a year. Rent Negotiate new terms on the premises and reduce existing payments by 10% Organizational Plan ORGANISATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT Next Years Objectives Budget To not exceed the payroll budget of $42000 HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES Organizational Draw organizational chart. Develop incentive scheme related to job requirements. Policies and procedures Develop policies and procedures manual. Employ telemarketers. Training Carry out training needs analysis. Morale Install suggestion box. Organize monthly meetings to follow up tasks

La Belle Dame Sans Merci To Autumn

La Belle Dame Sans Merci To Autumn I have chosen to compare these two poems both written by Keats. Keats was only 26 years old when he died, and wrote La Belle Dame Sans Merci just three years before this. He died of tuberculosis along with his mother and brother. His brother passed away in 1919, a year after both poems were written, indicating that the poems may have some significance to Keatss feelings and emotions in both poems. To Autumn is a poem celebrating the beauty of nature in the season of autumn. It is a very sensuous poem with lots of strong imagery. In To Autumn there is a very regular iambic pentameter rhyme scheme and there are three stanzas each eleven lines long. The regular rhyme scheme contributes to the calmness and serenity of the poem and highlights the poems ode like qualities, with nothing but praise for the different aspects of the season. By contrast La Belle Dame Sans merci is a narrative poem written in ballad quatrains, which are all rhyming couplets, It also has a lot more stanzas that have fewer lines. This cuts off the regularity and the harmonious feel is broken unlike in To Autumn. Another way Keats splits up the rhythm is by using caesura (he uses a lot of dashes which create pauses and breaks in his work. From the start of To Autumn we see mists and mellow and fill all fruit These two pieces of alliteration in the first stanza help the poem sound appealing and run smoothly of the tongue. Perhaps the sound made when reciting mists and mellow could be likened to bees buzzing which would be a great way of Keats incorporating nature into a poem about nature. In the second stanza the rhetorical question Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store? is asked, helping to engage the reader and makes them think about nature. I think there is a change in tone in the second stanza from the from first. In the first we are given images of wonderful fullness that nature is bringing to objects such as fill all fruit with ripeness to the core and plump the hazel shells. These create a sense of achievement and perfectness being instilled into objects in nature and create a proud and triumphant mood. However in the second stanza the mood is that of a slow moving and relaxed one. The words drowsd and sound asleep are used which are related to relaxation and the phrase sitting careless on a granary floor is used, suggesting there is no rush about things, again relating to the overall slow moving mood of this stanza. thy soft hair lifted by a winnowing wind is a nice phrase using personification (winnowing wind) to add to the relaxing feeling the poet is trying to convey. Another word that cements the slow moving tone is oozing which keats uses to describe cider being pressed The third stanza lists some of the the sounds of nature, but describes them in a bounteous and praising way. Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn is a line that demonstrates how keats can turn something normally overlooked into something that catches your attention and makes you appreciative about it. He does this by describing the gnats as a choir, a group that represents disciplined order and talent. He describes them as a wailful and says that they mourn, by describing them as having so much emotion it helps us to realise that they are complex and are purposeful. Keats also uses an interesting juxtaposition soft dying on the third line of this stanza to describe the day, soft suggests calm and gentleness, however death is the imminent end. I think Keats wants us to appreciate the sheer beauty of nature in this poem, and his intention is to make us believe as strongly as possible that this beauty around us is not to be taken for granted. In my mind he has instilled a strong representation of his perception of nature. I think hes done this by using such great visual and descriptive imagery as well as appealing to the senses. In this poem we are bombarded with reference to on sense or another and in the 3 stanzas every one of the five senses are mentioned, clammy cells instantly remind you of touch whereas the fume of poppies draws you to imagine the smell in your own head, all the references to these senses build a stronger picture in your head of the painting Keats is trying to paint. Keats creates strong imagery in this ballad and focuses on every sense, we have sound- they criedand sweet moan, taste sweet relish, smell fragrant zone and a passage that brilliantly describes the womans beauty Full beautiful-a faerys child, Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild this creates a perfect image of the womans beauty, perhaps the fact she is a faerys child heightens her good looks as this image could not be achieved by a normal human being. Keats uses the metaphor on thy cheeks a fading rose, this uses flowers (bringing nature into it) to show how his cheeks are rosy, but are fading just like a rose, this could mean that the life is draining from the man. i see a lily on thy brow is another metaphor that brings attention to his pale forehead through the use of flowers. As the narrator is using these terms about the knight it could bring a clue to his personality, someone fond of nature perhaps? Throughout the ballad we see countless examples of the word wild being used, eyes were wild, i shut her wild, wild eyes and honey wild this repetition shows the relation or association the poet wants to give the poem to nature. In this poem nature reflects the position of the knight, however in To Autumn nature is personified in a much more positive way and Autumn is personified as being close bosom-friend of the maturing sun which shows its friendliness in that it is conspiring with the sun. The metaphor sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep is used and Autumn is also personified to have thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind and to be someone who watchest the last oozings hours by hours. In-fact the whole second stanza is an extended personification of Autumn carrying out relaxing activities related to the relaxing nature of the season. The tone of this poem is very lifeless with a very gloomy atmosphere, the knight is described as being haggard which shows tiredness and he is palely loitering which shows he has no purpose about him or what he will do, this women has made his life worthless with no path. The landscape is barron and possibly the season of winter as no birds sing. Authenticity of a medieval timezone is also added by old fashioned spellings such as faery instead of fairy. As we know, both poems are about nature although the way in which all life has been sucked out of the knight shown by the description that he is palely loitering and how Keats shows the bleakness and cold of the situation by describing warriors as death pale with starved lips. He also describes the scenery as cold and the sedge is withered from the lake. This desolate and isolated feel is in complete contrast the way the surrounding in To Autumn is teaming with life and fruit is filled with ripeness to the core. With everything reaching its full potential with the help from the seasons. An example of this is the way that he writes that summer has oerbrimmed their clammy cells. To Autumn has much more praise and descriptions of the beauty of nature. In The Belle Dame Sans Merci I think Keats intentions are to show perhaps how the naivety of falling into love could end with such undesirable consequences with no way out(especially when they dont love you as much as you love them). In the poem the knights disappointment would be less severe if he did not believe from the beginning of their affair that the fairy child loved him in equal measure. She appears to fall in love with the knight just as he is falling for her. The look she gives him in line 19 and her sweet moan might be read as signs of her love, and the presents she gives him are further proof they are equally balanced in their feelings for one another. She even takes him back to her home, her elfin grot, and makes him feel comfortable. It would be natural for him to assume she is as interested as he is in continuing their relationship when he awakes. However you cant be sure the knights intense feeling when he finds his lady gone is caused primarily by the loss of her. I t could be that he is suffering from the disappointing conclusion that she never really loved him as much as he thought she did. By the end of the poem he clearly feels alone, but he does not show any hatred toward her. The only clues the poem gives about whether or not the lady may have felt love for the knight come from the people who visit the knight in his dream and tell him the lady is pitiless, that she has no mercy, Them coming to him also suggest she has done it do them before and he is another person to have fallen into her cruel trap. To Autumn is an example of an Ode as it is addressed to somebody and written in stanzas. La Belle Dame Sans Merci apart from the obvious difference of a French title contains all the necessary elements of a Ballad; it is a quatrain with the second and fourth line of each stanza rhyming and has much shorter lines. Also Autumn is written as an address to a season while La Belle Dame Sans Merci is a dialogue. A similarity is that the two poems share a common setting, this being autumn. As well as the giveaway from the title in To Autumn Keats writes about the landscape With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run and still more, later flowers for the bees, two extracts from the first stanza which describe Autumn. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci also in the first stanza it says The sedge has witherd from the lake which is an scenario that happens in autumn. Another common feature is the poems sensuality, as both use descriptions relating to all the senses. This is integral to the atmosphere as the sensuality makes the setting and events so much more authentic in the readers mind. This nature and sensuality are very closely linked in both poems, everything to do with the senses is natural. However there is a difference in the way nature is referred to in La Belle Dame Sans Merci. because there is a peripeteia, the faery who is most natural thing in the ballad and who has given the knight so much pleasure sucks the life from him when he least expects it And there she lulled me asleep. The faery that has seemed to give life and personify nature is the same one that took away life from the knight. There are also many contrasts between the two poems of Keats. The tone of the poems are very different. To Autumn is rich, positive, happy and praising the goodness of life and nature. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is enchanted however very sad and desolate. To Autumn is full of long wholesome words with many syllables exaggerating the fulness, like fruitfulness, winnowing and conspiring. As well as these Keats uses hyphenated words bosom-friend, soft-lifted and half-reapd. These words add to the rich feelings and complex structure of the poem and break the rhythm up as I said earlier. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is written in a much simpler direct way using many short monosyllabic words And no birds sing or And her eyes were wild. This makes the poem very sharp and harsh, with to the point phrases. When you read To Autumn it has to be read slowly to savour the bountiful description Keats is creating, but La Belle Dame Sans can be read quickly to keep up with the pace of the story being to ld. In To Autumn throughout the poem the season is gradually changing.The bees think warm days will never cease for summer has oevbrimmd their clammy cells indicates there are still some characteristics left of summer, but later on in the poem it says that the red breast whistles from a garden croft, indicating the arrival of winter. This movement through the season is relaxed and will repeat every year. This could relate to how Keats was aware of his oncoming death but was calm and accepting of it, shown in the relaxed feel of this poem. Perhaps Keats ballad was an opposite point of view, showing how he felt he was trapped in a place and loitering until his death? Or maybe the two poems could both indicate different things in his life. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci The poem itself could be a metaphor for events in Keats own life. Keats had recently lost a brother to tuberculosis and he himself was. a lily on thy brow and on thy cheeks a fading rose, both these lines could be interpreted as symptoms for the disease. La Belle Dame may (or may not) be referring to a woman Keats met who distracted him, from his vocation, and as he was in such a bad state she could be wasting what little time left he had on the word. Autumn could then be some of his work she was distracting him from, the work praising the world and drawing attention to the beauty that was appreciated by him as he knew he would miss it so much. In conclusion the two different styles of writing poetry (the Ode and Ballad) which would normally be so different are made similar in many ways by what Keats has added to them, he has added his touch and it is these personal features that run through both poems which links them and makes them exciting.

My Educational Philosophy Essay example -- Philosophy of Education Tea

My Educational Philosophy A question that I have heard from several people in my life ever since the school year started is, "Why do you want to be a teacher?" Originally, I thought I just wanted the summers off. The truth of the matter is, I just want to make a difference in the lives of students. I have had teachers in my life that have pushed me way beyond even my own expectations of myself, and have had a very big influence in my life. I have also had the teachers that just accepted mediocrity, that didn't push the envelope, and those teachers I can honestly say I did not learn anything from. It was one of the influential teachers that prompted my decision to enter the teaching profession. I was in a completely different program of study, heading towards a totally different goal, until one day he looked at me and said, "What are you doing? This isn't you. You have potential to do so much more, and you'll never reach it doing what you are doing." It was this statement that made me sit back and realiz e that something needed to change. It was that something that led me to the Teacher Education Program at Concord. Once I started thinking about the reason that I wanted to be a teacher, I realized how incredibly idealistic it sounded. When we discussed educational philosophies in class, and when we went over the idealist, I thought, "that is definitely the philosophy that is geared towards what I want to be and the environment that I want my classroom to have." My goal as far as what I want when I enter the teaching profession is to be an effective history teacher. I love History, and I believe that my interest in History spurs off of the fact that I had several excellent History teachers in high school tha... ...ld be free to test all their ideas and explore values. He believed that children should participate in determining what their education should be. Schools are public servants. They are there for the children, and if they don't meet the needs of the children, they have failed as a public service institution. Once I graduate from Concord, I hope to pursue a Master's Degree and further my educational prospects. I have no idea what kind of teacher I will be. My ambition of course, is to be the teacher that every student loves and respects. Furthermore, I want to be the teacher that someone will look back at one day and say, "I am part of what I am because I had her for a teacher." Idealistic, yes, but if I don't believe in myself, and my students then I am defeating my whole purpose as an educator, and that is to make a difference in the lives of my students.

Fashion and Reflexive Advertising Essay -- Alienation Advertisements A

Ads are ubiquitous. Contemporary media-literate audiences know that one-third of a half-hour sitcom will be commercials, that magazines will contain more ads than articles, and that they will be bombarded with advertisements on the internet. The pervasiveness of ads has created spectators who are: "increasingly media-literate, cynical, and alienated...and because the number of ads continues to increase (clutter), advertising has undermined its own effectiveness by unintentionally negating the ability and the desire of viewers to respond" (Goldman and Papson, 83). Advertisers have appropriated this post-modern discourse of alienation, giving it a sign value that they can attach to their product. Alienation consequently becomes a means through which advertisers can differentiate their product; consumers can claim to distance themselves from consumer culture and individuate themselves by purchasing the product so advertised (87). It is ironic that spectators who distrust the simulacrum of advertising are offered a discourse about the world of ads as a substitute for the authenticity (101) that would arguably end their alienation. The print ads examined in this essay reflexively acknowledge and foreground the shallowness of the fashion industry and the commodity culture of which it is an integral part, thereby excusing the product's appeal on the grounds of its fashionability. Judith Williamson states one "can only understand what advertisements mean by finding out how they mean" (Williamson, 42). In other words, one must understand the process o f signification through which an ad transfers signs from cultural systems of meaning onto its product. According to semiologist Roland Barthes, this process of signification involves three... ... increasing advertising clutter, consumers have become jaded and alienated. Advertisers have appropriated this widespread cynical media-literacy, employing discourses of alienation from consumer culture and advertising to differentiate their products. Advertisers offer a reflexive discourse about the world of ads and commodity culture as a substitute for the authenticity that would end consumer alienation. The advertisements discussed in this essay reflexively acknowledge and highlight the frivolity and triviality of the fashion industry, its marketing techniques, and the consumer culture of which it is an integral part in order to excuse and endorse their product's appeal on the grounds of its style. Ironically, this reflexive advertising moves consumers farther and farther away from any sense of authenticity and only increases feelings of alienation and cynicism. Fashion and Reflexive Advertising Essay -- Alienation Advertisements A Ads are ubiquitous. Contemporary media-literate audiences know that one-third of a half-hour sitcom will be commercials, that magazines will contain more ads than articles, and that they will be bombarded with advertisements on the internet. The pervasiveness of ads has created spectators who are: "increasingly media-literate, cynical, and alienated...and because the number of ads continues to increase (clutter), advertising has undermined its own effectiveness by unintentionally negating the ability and the desire of viewers to respond" (Goldman and Papson, 83). Advertisers have appropriated this post-modern discourse of alienation, giving it a sign value that they can attach to their product. Alienation consequently becomes a means through which advertisers can differentiate their product; consumers can claim to distance themselves from consumer culture and individuate themselves by purchasing the product so advertised (87). It is ironic that spectators who distrust the simulacrum of advertising are offered a discourse about the world of ads as a substitute for the authenticity (101) that would arguably end their alienation. The print ads examined in this essay reflexively acknowledge and foreground the shallowness of the fashion industry and the commodity culture of which it is an integral part, thereby excusing the product's appeal on the grounds of its fashionability. Judith Williamson states one "can only understand what advertisements mean by finding out how they mean" (Williamson, 42). In other words, one must understand the process o f signification through which an ad transfers signs from cultural systems of meaning onto its product. According to semiologist Roland Barthes, this process of signification involves three... ... increasing advertising clutter, consumers have become jaded and alienated. Advertisers have appropriated this widespread cynical media-literacy, employing discourses of alienation from consumer culture and advertising to differentiate their products. Advertisers offer a reflexive discourse about the world of ads and commodity culture as a substitute for the authenticity that would end consumer alienation. The advertisements discussed in this essay reflexively acknowledge and highlight the frivolity and triviality of the fashion industry, its marketing techniques, and the consumer culture of which it is an integral part in order to excuse and endorse their product's appeal on the grounds of its style. Ironically, this reflexive advertising moves consumers farther and farther away from any sense of authenticity and only increases feelings of alienation and cynicism.

Marketing :: essays research papers

Unit 5 _____________________________________________________________________________________ Learning Objectives Unit 5 is divided into two lessons: Lesson 5A: Personal and Online Selling Lesson 5B: The Marketing Plan Unit 5 wraps up the promotional techniques with personal and online selling, then calls on you to pull it all together for your project with a final Marketing Plan in place of a final exam. This will complete the â€Å"learning by doing† part of the course and give you a taste of what marketers do that affects our lives. Overview of Written Assignment Lesson 5A is really a carryover of two more promotional elements from Lesson 4B: personal selling and online selling, which could be considered as part of direct marketing, but which gets its own consideration in Chapter 21 of the text. Personal selling and sales management could be a course of their own, and we will keep that brief without a written assignment. Online selling, however, is a hot topic, even after the burst of the Internet stock bubble, with much written about it. We will try to summarize strategic choices and good practices for you, and we will give you a chance to design a Website for your product, service, or organization (on paper – you will not have to learn computer programming here). If your organization already has a Website, we will ask you to critique it using the guidelines we give you for a good design. Lesson 5B wraps it all up and asks you to pull together the components of the Marketing Plan you have been building, lesson by lesson, and send it in. That will be, in effect, your final exam, and hopefully something you can use in the future. Instructor’s Notes Lesson 5A: Personal and Online Selling â€Å"Cows don’t give milk. You have to take it from them, twice a day.† – Anonymous In 1939, when Ben Feldman entered the life insurance business, selling $1 million worth of insurance in a year got you into the industry’s Hall of Fame. In 1956, operating out of East Liverpool, Ohio, Feldman was selling $1 million a month, in 1966, $1 million a week, and in 1969, $2 million a week. In February 1992, New York Life had a special sales contest to celebrate Feldman’s fiftieth year with the company. Feldman won, selling more than $15 million worth of insurance that month. At the time, he was recuperating in Florida from a brain hemorrhage (Corman). 1 How did Ben Feldman do it? He tried phrases out on his wife, Fritzie. â€Å"Honey, listen to this. Is it ‘No one ever died with enough money’ or ‘No one ever died with too much

11 & 12 Language related assignment Essay

Generative Context A woman student in Brighton walked home by herself late at night and was mugged. She was carrying a lot of cash, didn’t tell her friends she was leaving the club and walked down some dark steps. The next day I criticised her actions. 2. Meaning We use this form to express a critical attitude towards the past actions of someone else. (Advice after the event – Rosemary Aitken – Teaching Tenses – p. 138) 3. Form (subject) + should (+ not) + have + past participle 4. Phonemic transcription, including marking the main stressed syllables (Longman dictionary of contemporary English) Particular attention needs to be paid to the weak form of â€Å"have† and, possibly there may need to be some revision of the various pronunciations of the â€Å"ed† ending of the past participle 5. Concept checking questions (with answers), and, where appropriate, time lines, diagrams, pictures, etc Did she go home by herself? Yes Was it dangerous? Maybe Was it a good idea? No Am I criticising her? Yes Am I talking about the past or the future? The past Entirely accurate Accesses reference material & reference information learned about language to an appropriate source No evidence – even implicit – of appropriate source being referenced Evidence (even implicit) of some referencing of appropriate sources Plenty of explicit evidence of appropriately referenced research Uses written language which is clear, accurate and appropriate to the task Numerous errors

Man Crazy by Joyce Carol Oates

Joyce Carol Oates, a critically acclaimed bilgewater teller of our date, now with her freshly saucy Man Crazy is bushel to amaze us for the last time with her unique style of writing. Man Crazy, different the traditional kind of novel, give sure suite one persons taste of thrill, suspense, and excitement. The novel showed some of the darkest lieu of being a woman. It is depressing in a way but will truly catch your emotion, you will be stunned, astonished, and will be surprised of impudent discoveries in human behaviors. The author employ the main character, Ingrid Boone, to show what most women go finished in their every day life. to the highest degree part of the novel will shoot you uneasy, it is a collection of horrifying, sickening, and traumatic events in a womens life. Through this whimsical style of writing, the author was able to unmasked some(prenominal) mysteries residing in every man, especially women. early-bearing(prenominal) subscriber will surely a ssociate their experiences to what the main character give up experient in the novel. In our time where women atomic number 18 given equal rights, the novel circumscribe are shocking in a way because it showed that women are still maltreated intentionally or unintentionally in our society.The story sets on the city of brand-new York where a young and beautiful s deterrent named Chloe Boone with her daughter Ingrid are hiding from a vet veteran Luke. Luke is Ingrids spawn who has been abusive to Chloe. Since they left Luke, Ingrid have been zest for a love of a father. ontogeny without a father, seeing her mother conk out to death as a prostitute, and dungeon a miserable life without confessedly friends, Ingrid have incur destructive to her egotism to whip her misfortune in life. She looks at her self as the ugliest person in the field that is why she do unusual things righteous to change her appearance.There have been standardisedwise much scratching, too much pi cking of pimples, and other things which almost destroyed her young body. Deprived of mans love, that whats Ingrid is that is why she let different boys to do by her through sex, drugs, and alcohols. Even the satanic fad has passed through her life that almost lead her to her death. The cult abused her in slipway hard to imagine. She has been raped, beaten, starved, and left to die. These traumatic events have led her to spend two geezerhood in rehabilitation. There, she has found the love she has been aspect for.She has found it in one the head-shrinker who attended to her therapy. After her sad pilgrimage to life, Ingrid has been able to continue living and repair her broken heart. Its the men who treat you like shit youre crazy for. For only they goat tell you your punishment is just. and This is not the testimony I would give to the police, and at the trial. This is the brain-teaser testimony only you may know. leave out from the novel which clearly tells you what the author wants the reader to learn in her novel. (Muldoon)Ingrid, the main character, is the tick. Like the tick, Ingrid is full of insecurities she is ugly as a tick. Like a tick, she suffers discriminations she lives in a harsh population. Her transformation is caused by her environment. People around her as wellspring as the events happening have caused her to become what she is. She is molded by violent and foul world but that the same world has help her recovered and lived life as the others do. To sum up, the novel is entertaining, shocking, and worth reading. intimately critique will agree that the foregather showed Oates expertise, passion, and superb talent. It is evident in the novel how the author becomes unconventional in her receive ways. She has a very deep locution on women and their experiences. The author, with her craft, has truly made an mold that novel has many faces. She took the risk of having this story be the tool to expose womens deepest secret. Thi s secret is hunting them but through this novel, they have the chance to face it and tackle to themselves that such things really happen in life.

Realism In International Affairs Essay

Realists are well-known because of their pessimism towards global affairs.This theory can be regarded as a prescription to be followed by politicians and states or as a description of current affairs of the state or politician pursuing self-interest. Realism in politics is often defined as a principle of power supremacy, and it has a long history since the ancient times. It was reflected in Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. This theory was also touched by Machiavelli in his writing The Prince, as well as by other outstanding philosophers like Spinoza, Hobbes and Rousseau.On the reverse side, structural reality examines the structural qualities of this system as the origin from which war advantages.(Ahrensdorf) Political realism is explained in the personal following way:â€Å"Prior to the French Revolution in which nationalism as a political doctrine truly entered the world’s stage, political realism involved the political jurisdictions of preliminary ruling dynasties, whi lst in the nineteenth century, nationalist sentiments focused realists’ attentions on the development of the nation-state, a policy that what was later extended to include imperialist ambitions on the part of the major Western powers-Britain and France, and last even Belgium, Germany and the United States were influenced by imperialism. † (Viotti, Kauppi).Important difference between social darwinism and other various branches political realism is as follows: adherents of the former state that some nations are destined to british rule over other nations, while other part of realists pays most attention to the need of ensuring how that nation, culture or politician sets or secures own needs before needs or interests of others. Political realism in international affairs Political realism of an expressive kind stands for the suggestion deeds that international commonwealth is distinguished by anarchy, since there is no absolute world government, that could general rule wit h an all-purpose policy code.

Its normal that realism is not really realistic.17, ‘Of Commonwealth, cited in Griffiths, O’Callaghan). Respectively, without any supreme international force, nations treat each other with hostility or fear, and it damages the system. Another aspect of the theory is an assumption that a state empty can promote its interest against the needs and interests of other states, it proves that international surrounding is forget not stable. Any order is affected if states compete for the same need, and under such circumstances, as the realists state, the nation may rely on itself only.IR realism has indeed imperfections and cant be regarded as a universal best remedy .† (Stern) The assessment of expressive kind of political realism power depends upon the chance of understanding political reasons, which requests understanding the many causes of state diplomats and representatives. The pattern of officers’ relations, their motives and actions is complex. Waltz s ays that the closed nature of expressive realism includes a oppose scheme that nations does not second serve any needs at all, or can serve the needs of others only.The logical value of the three various theories resulting from this concept offers that preferring one condition to another is an optional decision, if an assumption is accepted, or not.

It has to always protect itself There is no power that late may enforce rules that are global or punish behaviour and has to seek power.Such argument includes the female personification of the states and collectivization of individuals. Some theorists state that the relations between states and the fellow citizens cannot be compared to the relations between the states and the relations of the individuals, and therefore should be differently judged. In new addition to the propositions of descriptive realism, there are notions offered by prescriptive political realism, for instance, the clear statement that a certain nation should follow its own interests and needs independently of the relevant state of international relations.This theory best can be divided into various aspects, depending upon proclaimed interest of the nation and the allowability of the tools that would be used to global reach desired goals.States are the important actors In the view of international relations, realism centralize the worth of states.Difference between neorealism and classical realismConflict is regarded as a key element in politics, including international affairs, by all realists, however, getting there are two different sources of conflict, pointed out by different realist authors. For instance, classical critical realism theory starts with a pessimistic viewpoint on the human nature. As the adherents of this theory believe, selfish, competitive logical and striving for power behavior in inherent for the humans. Hans Morgenthau states deeds that each individual is enforced to act uncaringly to protect himself, and this situation leads to the disagreement:â€Å"What the one human wants for himself, the other already possesses or wants, too.

A state will stay in a place.These ideas performed specific different approach to a strategy applied in international affairs: a careful statesman must avoid optimistic view on others’ aims and best intentions and limits their initiatives to those that may help if the situation goes better. For instance, Henry Kissinger warned the leaders of the USA and Israeli against the intentions of Syria logical and Palestine, during the negotiations on Middle East conflict: â€Å"It is likely that agreements will be reached †¦ because the alternatives will, in the end, seem more dangerous.But when this happens, we must avoid euphoria†¦. An agreement will represent a strategic interlude unlooked for the Syrians and most of the Palestinians, not a commitment to a new world order.e.Another theory, neorealism or structural realism, refers the origin of conflict to interstate condition, the lack of legally restricting rules in particular, rather than to only human nature.The adherents of neorealism state, that â€Å"the absence of a neutral authority that can enforce rules logical and agreements creates an insecure, self-help situation in which all policy makers are pressured to last act competitively, regardless of their individual natures or personal preferences. † (Kegley, Wittkopf) This statement is not new, it appeared in the 17th century in the work of Thomas Hobbes. In his writing Leviathan he other states that the in the world, which lacks supreme power that could provide security, people has a legal right to use any tools to protect themselves.

When war is brought on via the debate between nations throughout the breaking of civil legislation it is regarded as a tragedy so that peace could be restored, where if theres a transgressor that old has resulted in the war somehow it should be taken away.(Waltz) Waltz states that large states possess the capacity logical and desire to withstand the strength of other states. This results, as he sees it, in a tendency of competitiveness among states independently of the views of their leaders concerning domestic policy. Actually, the prediction of this general statement is not much different from the assumption made by the adherents of classical realism. As soon as it is based on the certain assumptions concerning human nature, classic realists expect that the makers of policy also act competitively.It may in fact be attained only by using intimidation and force.As soon as the states’ interests come across in conflict, it is expected that leaders pay much attention to the ir positions in power.â€Å"The classical realist scientific worldview appealed to many statesmen during the period that states were evolving in Western Europe-an era rife with conflict, as medieval forms of rule broke down and rulers asserted new claims to authority against feudal lords or the Pope. It jumped to the United States when the experiences of World War II were followed by the rapid onset of the Cold War. Neorealism later emerged when the bipolarity of the Cold War drew analysts’ attention to the effects of the structure of the interstate system†.

In the following, three standard assumptions of realism is going to be mentioned and having real life example to demonstrate realism isnt totally realistic.It is based upon the ideas of Kennan and Morgenthau, including the concepts of diplomacy purposes and international order. It proclaims that a global order is needed to be agreed by the largest states, to provide the promotion of their interests and reduce the threat of terrorists. Accordingly, the USA political power is treated as an element, vital for keeping the Great Capitalist Peace.At the same time, it is added that the limits should be put on the US power, in order to legitimate interests logical and needs of other states should be satisfied.Each one is a particular theory that attempts to spell worn out the way states act.(Lieven, Hulsman) Sources Waltz, K. N. Structural Realism after the Cold War.International Security.

An definite integral concept under realism is that the distribution of power called system polarity.McGraw Hill: NY, 1993. Stern, G. The Structure of kidney International Society. London: Pinter Publishers, 2000.Change in the system will induce change .Oxford University Press, 2004 Griffiths, M. , O’Callaghan, T. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London, Routledge, 2002 Kegley, C.