Andy Warhol Essay -- essays research papers

Andy WarholNever before have I encountered more interest works of artwork than those done byAndy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work inMilwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this,one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is all-embracing ofinteresting neverthelessts that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, Iwould like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be equal to(p) toappreciate his styles and understand why and how his works were created. Hislife is as interesting as his artistic masterpieces. Andrew Warhola (hisoriginal name) was born one of three sons of Czech immigrants, someplace inPennsylvania on either August 6, 1928 or on September 28, 1930 (the date on hisbirth certificate). His father died when Andy was at a precise young age. Thus,it forced Andy into a deep depression containing lack of self confidence. Muchof his young life has been kept secret. How ever, he did report being very(prenominal) shyand depressed because he never felt comfortable with his homosexuality. Hischildhood life may have been full of the torture that children threw at him forbeing the dissimilar person he was. He was able to attend college. Aftergraduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in pictorial design from CarnegieInstitute of engineering in 1949, he went to New York City with Philip Pearlstein,who was a fellow student that later became a well-known realist painter. In1960, Warhol finally began to paint in animated and to view art seriously as acareer. He began his career with commercial drawings of womens shoes. In 1961,an early manifestation was his Dick Tracy, an enlarged version of the fishystrip that was placed in the window of Lord & Taylors department store. Hefollowed in his own footsteps to keep going in the ever-so-famous "pop art"track. Warhols use of images are so close to the images themselves, thanks tothe photographic silk screen technique, which is a process of applying the sameimage over and over again without changing the original. In 1963, he beganturning film into his next aesthetic. He was the recorder of the world aroundhim. Warhol saw this world as populated by hustlers of various(a) sorts, motivatedlargely by money and the goods it would buy. Later that next year, he endureedto experiment in underground film. In the late 70s he ... ...Amis 1732). Others saw the diaries asa simplistic record of events. "His diaries are more or less just records ofwho went where and did what with whom, that anybody else whod been along couldhave kept" (Plagens 1732). Its too bad he didnt start the diaries earlier inhis life, such as the 60s, "when it would have been more interesting to knowwhat he did and whom he was with, instead of waiting until 1976 to begin"(Plagens 1732). Some even complained of the editing job done by Pat Hackett."One problem with the diaries is their postmodern po lish, such as the casualproofreading and editing" (Trebay 1732). The reason the editor didnt vista up topar was the mere fact she wanted it to sound how Andy explained the day."...still the book is great social history with its lip-smacking tales ofloveless, sexless marriages, its gimlet-eyed view of other peoples success, andits rampant unclosetings" (Trebay 1732). I, myself, put in the book veryentertaining and a great nonchalant look at the famous and their everyday lives.It may have been organized better and condensed a bit, but none-the-less it wasstill interesting and kept me reading.

The Advancement of The Machine Gun Essay -- Warfare

War has been a recurring part of Americas history for the past hundreds of years. From the 1700s to the present, America has gotten into numerous situations and turmoil, which eventually lead to the wars we currently guide and know about today. Technological advancements in warfare were necessary and a great obligation during times of war. This was pursued with drastic improvement. From the transformation of the use of unrifled muskets during the Civil War to the industrial revolution leading to weaponry innovations post civil war, the nature of warfare dramatically changed. These developments proved to be proficient in battle. In the midst of these hundreds of years, while many technological advances demonstrated to be efficient in battle, the machine gun was one of the most significant advancements in technology that changed the face of warfare through its transformation of operations and strategy. During the civil war before the introduction of the machine guns, union soldiers predominantly used unrifled muskets. The rifles low muzzle velocity and consequent high parabolic trajectory made for difficult long-range shooting, especially since soldiers engaged in little target practice and received virtually no training in estimating distances or in using the adjustable sights to compensate for the bullets curved flight. The tangled terrain of most battlefieldsand the black powder smoke that engulfed every battleoften rendered enemy soldiers invisible until they were within smoothbore range (Hess 288). This was presume to be the reason of why the war was prolonged, and the combat losses were higher during the smoothbore era. Also with an ability of only firing a maximum of lead rounds per minute (Howey), this rat... ...smith, Dolf L., and R. Blake. Stevens. The Devils Paintbrush Sir Hiram Maxims Gun. Toronto Collector Grade Publications, 1989. Print.2. Hess, Earl J. The Rifle Musket in Civil War Combat Reality and Myth. Lawrence, Kan University Press of Kansas, 2008. Print.3. Howey, Allan W. Weaponry The Rifle-Musket and the Mini eyeball History Net. History Net. Weider History Group, Oct. 1999. Web. 12 May 2012. .4. Lee, Loyd E. World War II. Westport, CT Greenwood, 1999. Print.5. Popenker, Max R. Modern Firearms - MachineGuns. Max R. Popenker, 1999-2010. Web. 10 May 2012. .6. Simkin, John. Machine-Gun. Spartacus Educational - sept Page. John Simkin. Web. 10 May 2012. .

Advancements in Technology That Help Children with Disabilities Essay

Advancements in Technology That Help Children with DisabilitiesOver the past few decades there piddle been major advancements in engineering science, e peculiar(prenominal)ly technology that benefactors clawren with disabilities in learning and participating in the classroom. Three recent technologies being use are the cochlear implant, the Fluency Master, and the FM System. Each one helps children with special needs become able to learn and participate in school as well as children without disabilities their age.The cochlear implant is a device used by profoundly deaf people. About 6,000 individuals have had cochlear implants, since the late 1980s. The cochlear implant is the first, and still the only neural prosthesis that is aiding a hearty portion of a disabled population (Hear). If a child is born deaf they are usually implanted young because doing so will help them have a greater chance of being on grade level in school and not have such a titanic learning respite. The earlier a deaf child receives a cochlear implant, the better the childs speech development (Hear). Speech development is truly important to young children because they need to know how to communicate with teachers and classmates. Communication is the basis for learning. Being aware of sounds appears to help language development, and this can help narrow the gap in language skills hearing-impaired children experience compared with their hearing peers (Hear). Cochlear implants can greatly improve a deaf childs developmental abilities. We have found that when a child receives a cochlear implant, the child begins to develop language skills at about the same rate as a child with normal hearing, said researcher Dr. Mario A. Svirsky (Hear). The cochlear implant i... ...reference/tech/techgloss.htmlPhonak Hearing Systems. Improving the quality of life for people with hearing impairment. http//www.phonak.com/index.cfm?doERIC Documents. Using helpful Technology in the Inclusiv e Classroom. www.cooklibrary.eduERIC Documents. Emerging Trends in Technology for Students with Disabilities Considerations for School Personnel. www.cooklibrary.comNational Association for Speech Fluency http//www.stutteringcontrol.com/Traditional Speech Therapy for Stuttering. http//www.rickywburk.org/speech/therapy.htmThe personnel Stuttering Center, http//powerstuttering.com/The American Society for Deaf Childrenhttp//www.deafhoosiers.com/Parents/ASDCPositionPaper.pdfRosenthal, Paula, J.D. FM Systems Help Children Learn http//www.baby-place.com/articles/fm_system.htmHear This Organization. http//www.hearthisorg.com/

Gender Identity and Social Structures Essay -- Gender Socialization So

Gender Identity and Social Structures What is meant by individualism? Firstly this essay is button to explore what is meant by identity. Identity is made up of individual characteristics by which a person is known. Internal factors such as physical appearance, personality, mental office and sex would have an effect on a persons identity. Then there atomic number 18 the external factors such as family, class, religion, culture, occupation and nationality which would stoop ones identity. Then, even beyond all these personal and social structures, societal opinions about gender, race, culture, ethnicity and nationality must have an impact on identity. Many attributes of identity are formed from childhood experience, adolescence, early adulthood and are ever forming. Identity can therefore be ever changing externally agree to the life experiences through which a person goes through. Births, deaths, marriage, divorce, abuse, immigration, good or bad fortune for example are likely to cause qualify, and therefore influence change to identity. These may ultimately result in a change to the internal identity physical, mental etc Gender identities are formed by several diametric factors, i.e. individual and collective social and biological. Biologically, it would be quite easy to look at the body of a person and be able to distinguish amongst a male and a female, from their genitalia. A female would be identified by the absence of a penis. The problem with defining gender identity by simply using anatomical evidence is that is this day and age, we live in a society where most of our bodies are oecumenicly covered by clothing, so judgement can also be obscured by the unisex clothes that are worn by both men and women. Most of us are always firearmipulating our outer appearance according to the latest trends or fashion. It is more acceptable for a woman to wear clothing that is generally thought of as more masculine, but it is seldom that a man can wear clothing that is thought of as feminine. In such case where a man was to wear feminine clothing such as dresses, skirts, frilly blouses, stockings or high heels this would be known as cross dressing. Women on the other hired man can wear trousers, jackets and even ties and this is considered completely normal. The same can be said for make-up and hairstyle. Traditionally, woman generally had long hairstyles and men had s... ...cupation such as hairdressing, fashion or beauty, you would dress in a more trendy fashion as you are selling an image to your clientele. The colleagues with whom you work often drive a part of your social group of peers. It is more likely that people will socialize in circles of people with common occupations or similar earning power.As well as putting food on the table, clothes on our backs and a roof over our heads, employment provides us with a sense of worth, it feeds our pride. soulfulness who is unemployed, whether or not by choice, may be labeled as lazy a nd useless, and have a general lack of respect from society. Especially if it is not by their own choice, they probably feel worthless. Although it is now common for women to go out to work, men still see their roles as the main breadwinner. Where once that was their role, and the women stayed at home to look after the needs of their husbands and children, women are now holding down high-powered jobs, as well as still seeing to the general needs of their families. Occupation and income are both important aspects of identity, who we are, how we see ourselves, how we represent ourselves and how others see us.

The Poetic Style of Henry Charles Bukowski Essay -- essays research pa

Henry Charles Bukowski Poetry is the art of rhythmical composition written or spoken for elicit pleasure by beauty imaginative or elevated thought. It is also literary work in metrical form. By definition, a poet is a mortal how composes poetry. The relationship between poetry and the late Henry Charles Bukowski is equivalent to that of a professional ice skater and the ice that he skates on . By the same token, it compared to something a bit less governed, although a pro ice skater is free to graze the ice at his own expense, the root of professional ice skating is thence restricted. For example, judges, rules, regulations, agreements, terms, and contracts that cant be waived, which controls the skater. Compared to a bird in the chuck out, the previous example falls short of my perception of freedom when relating it to poetry and Bukowski. A bird in the sky greatly broadens the very core of my argument, at the exact same time contradicting the argument -for those with the keen eye. Bukowskis writing define...

The Poetic Style of Henry Charles Bukowski Essay -- essays research pa

Henry Charles Bukowski Poetry is the art of rhythmical composition written or spoken for exciting pleasure by beauty imaginative or elevated thought. It is also literary work in metrical form. By definition, a poet is a person how composes poetry. The relationship mingled with poetry and the late Henry Charles Bukowski is equivalent to that of a professional ice skater and the ice that he skates on . By the same token, it compared to something a bit little governed, although a pro ice skater is free to graze the ice at his own expense, the root of professional ice skating is indeed restricted. For example, judges, rules, regulations, agreements, terms, and contracts that cant be waived, which controls the skater. Compared to a bird in the sky, the previous example falls short of my perception of freedom when relating it to poetry and Bukowski. A bird in the sky greatly broadens the very(prenominal) core of m y argument, at the exact same time contradicting the argument -for those with the keen eye. Bukowskis writing define...

Coffee Benefits Essay

Specific Purpose To inform my audience about the delirious and physical benefits of chocolate Central Idea java provides numerous health benefits which are contain antioxidant, improve cognitive feat and physical performance.IntroductionI.I confide there is something special in our little ein truthday moments, from that first wonderful sip of hot, milky coffee in the morning to those ten stolen minutes of me. II.Not yet does coffee taste good, it can stimulate my soul to refresh and relax. III.Coffee stimulates your senses from its caffeine content which stimulates metabolism and supports mental alertness and concentration.IV.Coffee may hydrate you beside its advantage of relaxing. a.Because water is the main ingredient in a cup of coffee, it helps you work towards your daily water needs and is practically free of calories. V.Coffee refreshes you with its wealth of polyphenols.a.Polyphenols are nutrients that help prolong your eubstance in good health over time. VI.Today I would share with you guys about the three major health benefits of coffee coffee and antioxidants, coffee and your mind and coffee and your body.(Transition Lets start with the coffee and antioxidants)BodyI.Research has shown that a cup of coffee naturally comes with antioxidants, which are really good for you. a.Your body is evermore exposed to particles called free radicals. i.Particles which are caused by factorslike exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, environmental pollution, stress and smoking. b.Scientific studies suggest that free radicals can damage your body tissues, affect the ageing process and cause diseases like cataracts, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. c.Antioxidants in your body neutralize the free radicals and protect your body cells from damage.(Transition Now that you retire something about the coffee and antioxidants, lets look at coffee and your mind) II.Many studies suggest that coffee drinking can improve overall cognitive performance. a.Th e cognitive performance which includes important mental skills like perception, attention, memory, problem solving and reaction or response abilities. b.There is some evidence to suggest potential benefits of coffee and caffeine in situations which require increased alertness e.g. night shifts and jet lag.(Transition Now I have brief about the coffee and your mind. So lets move to the last)III.Upping Your Physical Performance and weight management aid a.Increasing your capability and capacity for exercise.b.This means that you can keep going at a more intense pace, for a longer period and gain more from your workouts c.Did you know that a plain black cup of coffee contains a very small amount of calories? i.In fact, coffee may be able to help maintain a healthy weightConclusionI.As we have seen, Coffee provides numerous health benefits which are contains antioxidants, improve cognitive performance and physical performance. II.Thus, the next time you drink a cup of coffee, just think of all its benefits go beyond taste. BibliographyBooksS Rautiainen et al, 2012. Total antioxidant Capacity from Diet and Risk of Myocardial Infarction A prospective Cohort of Women. The American Journal of Medicine, tidy sum 125.R Sinha et al, 2012. Caffeinated and decaffeinated and tea intakes and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 96 374-381. obligeSin CWM, et al (2008). Systematic review on the effectiveness of caffeine abstinence on the quality of sleep. J Clin Nursing 1813-21.Internet sourcesCoffee & Health From The Institute For Scientific Information On Coffee. Cancer. (27 Jan, 2012) Retrieved 26 Sept 2012 from http//www.coffeeandhealth.org/topics/cancer/Coffee & Health From The Institute For Scientific Information On Coffee. Mental Performance . (2 Feb, 2012) retrieved 26 Sept 2012 from http//www.coffeeandhealth.org/topics/mental-performance/.

Managing financial resources Essay

Rules and regulationsPlagiarism is presenting somebody elses work as your own. It includes copying tuition in a flash from the Web or books without referencing the material submitting joint coursework as an individual effort copying another students coursework stealing coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism provide be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the procedures set down by the College. Please command your student handbook for further details of what is / isnt plagiarism.Coursework Regulations1 school-age childs argon required to submit their coursework on-line through online e-learning system http//stponline.org.uk. Detailed knowledge around this is avail commensurate in the student handbook submission 2 Details of submission procedures and penalty fees can be obtained from Academic Administration or the world(a) student handbook. 3 Late coursework will be accepted by Academic Ad ministration Office and marked according to the guidelines given in your Student Handbook for this year. 4 If you need an extension (even for one day) for a valid reason, you must request one, using a coursework extension request form available from the Academic Administration Office. Do not ask the lecturers responsible for the course they are not authorised to award an extension. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. 5 General guidelines for submission of courseworka All work must be word-processed and must be of good standard.b Document margins sh whole not be more than 2.5cm or less than 1.5cmc Font size in the range of 11 to 14 points distributed to including headings and body text. Preferred typeface to be of a common standard such as Arial or Times New Roman for the main text.d Any computer files generated such as programme code (software), graphic files that form subdivision of the course work must be submitted either online with the documentation.e The copy of the coursework submitted may not be returned to you after marking and you are advised to have your personal copy for your seed.f All work completed, including any software constructed may not be used for any tendency other than the purpose of intended remove without prior written permission from St Patricks International College.Outcomes and assessment requirementsAssignment titleManaging Financial Resources in the health and Social Care Organisations CARETECH memory PLSLearning Outcome (LO)Assessment CriteriaIn this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to LO1 TASK 1Understand how systems are used to manage fiscal resources in health and social plow1.1 D2 condone the principles of be and business operate systems1.2Identify information needed to manage fiscal resources1.3 M1Explain the regulatory requirements for managing monetary resources1.4Evaluate systems for managing financial resources in a health or do by governing body LO2 TASK 2Understand the role ofplanning in the management of health and social care computes 2.1 M3Discuss the diverse sources of income that may be encountered in health and social care2.2 D1Analyse the factors that may influence the availability of financial resources in health and social care organisations2.3Review unlike types of calculate expenditure in health and social care organisations2.4Evaluate how decisions about expenditure are made within a health or social care organisation LO3 TASK 3Understand the importance of monitoring budget expenditure in health and social care organisations 3.1 D3Explain how financial shortfalls can be managed3.2 M3Explain the actions to be taken in the event of suspected twaddle3.3 D2Evaluate budget monitoring arrangements in a health or social care organisation LO4 TASK 4Understand how systems and processes for managing financial resources influence health and social c are renovations.4.1 D3Identify information required to make financial decisions relating to a health and social care service4.2Analyse the relationship between a health and social care service delivered, costs and expenditure4.3 M1Evaluate how financial considerations impact upon an individual using the health and social care service4.4 D1Suggest ways to mitigate the health and social care service through changes to financial systems and processesLearner declarationI certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.Student signature DateIn addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to strive the following MERIT and DISTINCTION grades Grade DescriptorIndicative characteristic/sContextualisationM1Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutionsAn effective approach to study and research has been applied You will discuss at least three (3) financial con siderations that affect and influence funding of care cost in a nursing and residential home (LO 4.3)Make effective judgment on the impact of regulators on the quality of care in the NHS state at least two regulators and let off their roles (LO 1.3)M2Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniquesA range of sources of information has been usedTo achieve M2, you will have to cite all references and sources of material used both for in-text citation and reference page. You will follow the Harvard referecing style through out your assignment.M3Present and communicate appropriate findingsCoherent, logical study of principles/concept for the intended audience The answer should consist of the at least 2 subheadings fully explained (i) The red flags of fraud (ii) Actions to take in the event of fraud (LO 3.2)Explain the meaning of tecchical terms and functions in the Health organsiation (CCG, Capitation, Private equity) as you discuss the various sources of income for health and s ocial care organisation (LO 2.1)D1Use searing reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusionsConclusion arrived at through synthesis of ideas & justicfiedYou will explain and justify the various organization proposed to improve the health care delivery by changes in the financial systems (LO 4.4)You will discuss the factors that mostly affect and influence availability of resource and paint a picture how health and social organisation can use that to their advantage (LO2.2)D2Take responsibility for managing and organising activitiesThe importance of interdependence recognised and achievedYou will demonstrate with diagram and table, the budget monitoring arrangement. You will need to provide clear link of the process (LO 3.3)You will identify and explain the six NHS approve costing guidiance. State and explain the categories of cost (e.g Fixed/Variable Direct/Indirect) and costing concept (cost centre, cost object and cost unit (LO 1.1)D3Demonstrate convergent/latera l/ creative thinkingInnovation/Creative thought have been appliedReview the financial statements (Balance sheet & Profit and loss) and draw out at least seven types of information needed to make decision in CareTech (LO 4.1) You need to present the best practice in the health sector inmanaging financial shortfall. A reference should be made to an innocative way used in the NSH (LO 3.1)Assignment briefAssignment titleManaging Financial Resources in the health and Social Care Organisations CARETECH HOLDING PLS Purpose of this assignmentThe health and social act 2012 requires health practionals and social care managers to be more innovate, more productive and more accountable slice delivering the NHS, Adult Social care and Public health progenys (quality, safety and patient experience)By carring out this assignment learners will be equipped with the knowledge and brain needed to monitor costs, make predictions, evaluate the process of effective control of resource allocation, incl uding shortfalls, and make recommendations for expenditure in health and social care organisationScenarioYou are one of the home managers for CareTech Holdings PLC, a leading UK provider of specialist social care services. You have been invited to present a sketch to the Directors of the company, MONITOR-NHS and some CCG representatives as part of government review and monitoring of your care homeThis fib is aimed to demonstrate your understanding and knowledge in Planning and managing budget in your home, it will show your skills in resource control and managing shortfall with your ability to make prediction and make recommendation for the future expenditure in CareTech Holding PLCYour report should cover and incorporate all the task and learning outcomes below (3,000 words)You should refer to the assessment criteria and the relevant unit content, when preparing your evidence of assessment.You can access the Annual report of CareTech Holdings PLC for 2013 athttp//www.caretech-uk. com//media/Files/C/Caretech-UK/press-release/pr-2013/2013-preliminary-results.pdfor the condenced version of the annual report on STP online Assignment Folder sectionLearning outcome 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) M1, D21.1Explain the principles of costing and business control systems that may be adopted in CareTech Holding PLC. D21.2 What were the information needed to manage financial resource for CareTech Holding PLC in 2013 financial ending?1.3 What regulatory requirements need to be satisfied while managing financial resources in CareThech Holding PLC? M11.4 Evaluate the systems for managing financial resources in CareTech Holding PLC ?Learning outcome 2 (LO 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) M3 and D12.1 What are the diverse sources of income avaialabe to CareTech PLC in the financial year in 2013? M32.2 Analyse the factors that may influence the availability of financial resources in CareTech PLC? D12.3 Review dissimilar types of budget expenditure in CareTech PLC.2.4 Evaluate how decisions about expenditure could be made in CareTech PLCLearning outcome 3 (LO 3.1, 3.2, 3.3) M3, D2 and D33.1 Assuming there was financial shortfall in CareTech PLC explain how this situation could be managed? D33.2 What action you would take if you suspect occurrence of financial fraud in your organisation? M33.3 Evaluate budget monitoring arrangements in CareTech PLC. D2Learning outcome 4 (LO 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) M1, D1, and D34.1 Identify information required to make financial decisions relating to CareTech PLC D34.2 Analyse the relationship between care service delivered and costs and expenditure.4.3 Evaluate how financial considerations impact upon a service user. M14.4 Suggest ways to improve the care service provided by CareTech PLC through changes to its financial systems and processes. D1

Disaster Response

The aspect of disaster has been a prevalent attribute within any societal setting. The strength of the nightspot towards this has been provided by confused processes modeled as disaster management strategies. Every community has been accordingly at a projected risk of effect by various conceptions of disasters. However, the triumph of any disaster management process is a compliment of various phases. Mitigation is the process of gaining the knowledge about the disaster and developing possible measures of avoiding the risks involved.It therefore involves an assessment of the probable risks which could affect oneself, property of family. It is the compound of both structural as well as non structural processes and measures that are taken towards limiting the impacts held by the disaster (John, 2005). Preparedness is the process whose aim is mainly to prevent the occurrence of the disaster. It compounds the preparation of the procedures and equipments which could be used when the di saster occurs. misadventure response implies the probable methods of fulfilling and providing the fundamental and adequate humanitarian needs that are of importance to those affected.It therefore governs the structures of providing assistance and help for the affected persons to undertaken persuasive process in driving out from the crisis. Disaster recovery process comes after the possible immediate threats and effects to people have subsided. It implies restoring the affected property and people to their former state of living by supplying the very essential necessities and creating conditions for a continued life. (John, 2005) In my community, preparedness towards disaster has been a crucial role. Various structures, policies and processes have been constituted to avoid and betray with risks.Various processes have been developed to create possible environments that prevent risks from their occurrence. It has used mass decontamination, emergency evacuation processes, quarantines , developing emergency structures for the support of rebuilding and supporting the society after these occurrences above other fundamental measures. At my personal level, I have been obligated in creating moral awareness on the principles and codes of risks mitigations. This is by providing auxiliary processes that enlighten the society about the possible measures in disaster control (John, 2005).

Gaps of Service Quality

metre Perceived benefit look Using s e rv q ua l A cuticle Study of the Croatian Hotel Industry ? s u z ana m ar k ovi c Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija, Croatia s an j a r as p o r Polytechnic of Rijeka, Croatia The purpose of the national is to examine nodes perceptions of expediency smell in the Croatian hotel industry. The aim is to measure out the sensed assistant timbre of hotel attributes and to determine the factor structure of divine serve whole tone perception. A modi? d s e rv q ua l scale was used to assess dish whole step perceptions from the perspective of domestic and international tourists. Data were collected in 15 hotels in the Opatija Riviera (Croatia), victimization a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical compendium, exploratory factor analysis and depend adequateness analysis were conducted. The study results indicate the rather risque expectations of hotel guests regarding function note. reliability , empathy and competence of staff, availability and tangibles ar the key factors that best explained customers expectations of hotel emolument musical note.The results of the quantitative assessment of comprehend helper quality may provide some insights on how customers rate the service quality of a particular hotel. Thus, the ? ndings can be used as a guide for hotel managers to improve the crucial quality attributes and enhance service quality and business performance. Key words service quality, servqual, factor analysis, reliability analysis, hotel industry Introduction In the highly competitive hotel industry, service becomes one of the approximately of the essence(p) elements for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace.Consequently, the efforts of service managers and academic researchers ar directed towards understanding how customers perceive the quality of service. Customers are likely to becharm services as a variety of attributes that may, in different ways, contribute to their purchase intentions and perceptions of service quality. Although researchers (Gronroos 1984 Parasuraman, pluck and Zeithaml 1985, Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry 1988 Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry 1990) have focused m anag e m e n t 5 ( 3 ) 195209 195 ?Suzana Markovic and Sanja Raspor on different aspects of service quality, they all agree that the emphasis should be on customers. The most common de? nition of the concept is attitude, which results from a comparison of customers expectations with perceptions of performance (Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml 1985, Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry 1988). What is more, customers perceive service quality as a multidimensional concept. The speci? c nature of services makes it dif? cult to provide, measure and maintain their quality.However, Parasuraman Berry and Zeithaml and Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1985, 1988) presented the s e rvq ual scale, which became the most popular instrument for me asuring service quality. The sit around has been applied in various service industries, including tourism and hospitality. In most of the researches the instrument was modi? ed to suit the features of a speci? c service. The study has several targets. The ? rst objective is to determine the level of perceived service quality in Croatian hotels.The second aim is to establish the bod of dimensions of perceived service quality in the hospitality industry, use the modi? ed s e rvq ual exemplar. Finally, the third objective is to rill the reliability of the modi? ed s e rvq ual model. Conceptual Background p e r c e i ve d s e rvic e q ual i t y The service quality gain is mostly conceptualized in the context of service marketing literature (Lee, Lee and Yoo 2000). Therefore, it deals with the concept of perceived service quality. According to Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry (1990), perceived service quality is the extent to which a ? m successfully serves the purpose of customers . Customers determine the perceived or cognitive value of service based on their experience with the service delivered. Ghobadian, Speller and Jones (1994) stated that customers expectations, service delivery process and service outcome have an stupor on perceived service quality. Yoo and Park (2007) found that employees, as an integral part of the service process, are a critical element in enhancing perceived service quality. Furthermore, Edvardsson (2005) pointed out that service quality perceptions are organize during the production, delivery and consumption process.The author concluded that customers favorable and unfavorable experience, as well as their positive and negative emotions may have an important impact on 196 m anag e m e n t vo lu m e 5 Measuring Perceived Service feature Using servq ual perceived service quality. Similarly, ONeill and Palmer (2003) have reported that customers perceptions of service quality may, to a large extent, be in? uenced by the degree of their previous experience with a particular service. In the hospitality industry, several studies have examined hotel attributes that guests may ? d important when evaluating the performed service quality. Literature review suggests that cleanliness (Atkinson 1988 Knutson 1988 Gundersen, Heide and Olsson 1996), security and sanctuary (Atkinson, 1988 Knutson, 1988 Gundersen et al. 1996), employees empathy and competence (Atkinson 1988 Knutson 1988 Barsky and Labagh 1992 Gundersen, Heide ? and Olsson 1996 Choi and Chu 2001 Markovic 2004), convenient location (Knutson 1988 Barsky and Labagh 1992), value for money (Atkinson 1988 Gundersen, Heide and Olsson 1996 Choi and Chu ? 001) and physical facilities (Choi and Chu 2001 Markovic 2004) are attributes that hotel guests perceive as being important. It should be noted that according to some authors, perceived service quality has been accepted as an antecedent of customer contentment (Churchill and Suprenant 1982 Oliver 1997). What is m ore, Rowley (1998) argued that perceived service quality is an attitude related to, but not the same, as blessedness. It is evident that the relationship between these two concepts is complex and that they have a causal ordering. e rvi c e q ual i t y m e as u r e m e n t One of the main research instruments for measuring quality in service industries is the s e rvq ual model, highly-developed by Parasuraman Berry and Zeithaml and Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1985 1988). The model contains 22 items for assessing customer perceptions and expectations regarding the quality of service. A level of agreement or disagreement with a given item is rated on a sevenpoint Likert-type scale. The level of service quality is represented by the gap between perceived and pass judgment service. The s e rvq ual model is based on ? e service quality dimensions, namely tangibles (physical facilities, equipment and personnel appearance), reliability (ability to perform the promised service depend ably and accurately), responsiveness (willingness to help customers and provide prompt service), assurance (knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to gain trust and con? dence) and empathy (providing individualized attention to the customers). During the last few years a variety of service quality studies have been conducted (Ladhari 2008). Among others, service quality was n u m b e r 3 fal l 2 0 1 0 97 ? Suzana Markovic and Sanja Raspor measured in accounting and audit ? rms (Ismail 2006), health spas ? (Snoj and Mumel 2002 Markovic, Horvat and Raspor 2004), higher ? ? education (Russel 2005 Markovic 2006), hotels (Markovic 2003, 2004 Juwaheer 2004 Wang, Wang and Zhao 2007 Raspor 2009), insurance (Tsoukatos, Marwa and Rand 2004), public-transport (Sanchez Perez 2007), restaurants (Andaleeb and Conway 2006 Namkung and Jang 2008), travel agencies (Martinez Caro and Martinez Garcia 2008), and web-sites (Parasuraman, Zethaml and Malhotra 2005 Nusair and Kandampully 20 08).Despite its wide usage, the model has been criticized by a number of academics (Carman 1990 Babakus and Boller 1992 Teas 1994). Criticism was directed at the conceptual and operational base of the model, mostly its validity, reliability, operationalization of expectations, and dimensional structure. However, there is general agreement that s e rvq ual items are reliable predictors of overall service quality (Khan 2003). As a result of these criticisms, alternative measures of service quality for speci? c service settings were developed.In the tourism and hospitality industry, Knutson et al. (1991) developed l o d g s e rv, a model utilized to measure service quality in the lodging industry. The model is based on ? ve professional s r evq ual dimensions and contains 26 items. Getty and Thompson (1994) introduced another speci? c model for hotel settings, called l o d g q ua l, as did Wong Ooi Mei, Dean and White (1999) who developed a h o l s e rv model. The l o d ge q ual model identi? ed tierce dimensions, namely tangibles, reliability and contact. On the other hand, the h o l s e rv model includes 27 items, rooted in ? e original s e rv q ua l dimensions. Furthermore, d i n e s e rv is a model used for measuring restaurant service quality (Stevens, Knutson and Patton 1995). It contains 29 items and ? ve s e rv q ua l dimensions. ONeill et al. (2000) developed the d i ve p e r f model for assessing perceptions of diving services. The model consists of ? ve servqual dimensions and 27 items. e c o s e rv was introduced by Khan (2003). It was utilized to measure service quality expectations in eco-tourism, using 30 items and ? ve s e rvq ual dimensions. All of these models represent modi? ations of the s e rvq ual instrument, aiming to improve its original methodology. However, Cronin and Taylor (1992) argued that performance is the measure that best explains customers perceptions of service quality, so expectations should not be included in the service qu ality measurement instrument. They developed a performance-only scale called s e rvp e r f and tested it in four industries. Results indicated 198 m anag e m e n t vo lu m e 5 Measuring Perceived Service tint Using servq ual that the s e rvp e r f model explains more of the variation in service quality than s e rvq ual it had an excellent ? in all four industries and it contains only half the number of items that must be measured. These results were interpreted as additional support for the superiority of the servperf approach to the measurement of service quality. Several authors used the performance-only approach to assess service quality in tourism and hospitality settings. Travelers perceptions of hotel attributes were measured in Hong Kongs hotels (Choi and Chu 2001), hotels of Mauritius (Juwaheer 2004) and Malaysian hotels (Poon and Lock-Teng Low 2005).The question of whether service quality should be measured as the difference between customers perceptions and expectations, or whether some alternative approach is more appropriate remains part of an extensive debate in service quality literature. Methodology Hotel guests perceptions were measured with a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of a literature review and adopted to suit the speci? c features of a hotel setting (Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry 1988 Zeithaml et al. 1990 ? Snoj and Ogorelc 1998 Pizam and Ellis 1999 Markovic 2003). As a foundation or questionnaire development, the s e rvq ual model was used. The original items were slightly modi? ed to suit the hospitality setting. For example, instead of x y z Company has modernlooking equipment, the statement was modi? ed to the Hotel has modern-looking equipment. The original item Guests feel steady-going in their transactions with employees was replaced by the item Guests feel safe and pimp in their stay. The reason for this change is the confusing meaning of the word transactions and the fact th at safety and security are regarded as an important factor in a hotel stay. Moreover, in order to measure attributes speci? to the hotel environment, the following items were added parking area (Pizam and Ellis 1999), appropriate location, available and clear information, variety of facilities (Snoj and Ogorelc 1998), clean and tidy hotel, feeling safe and secure, ease of ? nding a way around the hotel ? and typical service quality for hotel category (Markovic, 2003). All the statements in the questionnaire were positively worded. Finally, the modi? cation resulted in the deletion of one original s e rvq ual item and the inclusion of eight new items, leaving a total of 29 hotel attributes. These attributes represented seven dimensions ? e original servqual dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, as- n u m b e r 3 fal l 2 0 1 0 199 ? Suzana Markovic and Sanja Raspor surance, empathy) and two new dimensions, named as availableness and output quality. The questionnaire con sisted of two parts. The ? rst part measured guests perceptions of hotel attributes using a modi? ed s e rv q ua l model. Service quality perceptions were measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree. The second part was designed to capture respondents demographic and traveling characteristics, hich included farming of residence, age, gender, purpose of realize, duration of staying at a hotel, level of education, and hotel category. The target population of the survey was guests staying in hotels on the Opatija Riviera (Croatia) during the summer of 2007. Questionnaires were distributed in 15 (2-, 3- and 4-star) hotels, after hotel managers concord to participate in the study. Reception desk employees were asked to administer the questionnaires to guests during their hotel stay, and to collect them after completion. In each hotel questionnaires were randomly distributed to the guests.Of 265 returned questionnaires, 12 were not included in the analysis because of incompleteness. Thus, information analysis is based on a sample of 253 valid questionnaires. The response rate was 26 per cent. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe respondents demographic characteristics and to evaluate service quality perceptions of hotel guests. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the 29 perception attributes included in the questionnaire in order to determine underlying dimensions of hotel service quality perceptions. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted.Items with eigenvalues equal to or greater than 1, factor loadings above 0. 4, and factors which contain at least three items were retained (Hair et al. 2006). Furthermore, a reliability analysis was performed to test the reliability of the scale and inner consistency of extracted factors. For this purpose, Cronbachs alpha coef? cients were calculated. Results In order to achieve the studys goals, descriptive analysis , factor analysis, and reliability analysis were performed. The results are presented as follows. First, respondents demographic and traveling characteristics are provided.Next, the results of descriptive analysis of guests perceptions are presented. Third, the results of factor and reliability analyses are interpreted. The statistical analysis was conducted on 253 valid questionnaires. The demographic and traveling characteristics of the respondents 200 m anag e m e n t vo lu m e 5 Measuring Perceived Service Quality Using servq ual tab le 1 Demographic pro? le of the respondents Items fortune Gender Items Percentage Age Male 51. 8 1625 3. 6 Female 48. 2 2635 15. 4 Purpose of visit Business Visit friends, relatives Vacation Others 3645 26. 1 . 1 4655 19. 4 4. 3 5665 25. 7 86. 2 0. 4 Level of education Primary school 66 and above 9. 9 Country of residence Austria Croatia 16. 6 Secondary school 29. 2 Italy 20. 9 Higher education 24. 1 Germany 14. 6 University and above 36. 4 Others 36. 8 Others 3. 6 11. 1 6. 7 Duration of staying at a hotel Hotel category 4-star 53. 3 13 days 19. 0 3-star 33. 3 47 days 49. 8 2-star 13. 4 815 days 28. 1 are presented in table 1. The sample included domestic (16. 6 per cent) and international tourists (83. 4 per cent). There were slightly more males (51. 8 per cent) than females (48. per cent), and most of the respondents (55 per cent) were older than 46 years. More than 60 per cent of hotel guests in the sample had a university or college education. About 86 per cent of the respondents indicated that the main purpose of their visit was vacation. Most of them stayed at a 4-star hotel, for between four and seven days. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of guests perceptions in the hotel industry are shown in table 2. The range of service quality perceptions items was from 1 (very low perceptions) to 7 (very high perceptions). The mean scores of guests perceptions ranged from 4. 7 to 6. 34. The lowest perception item was offering a variety of facilities, which indicates that hotels do not provide enough suitable facilities that could enhance hotel quality. On the other hand, hotel guests highest perceptions were regarding the ease of ? nding a way around the hotel, Furthermore, guests highly assessed the following hotel attributes feeling safe and secure, willingness for fortune guests and courteous hotel staff. These indicate that a hotels staff has one of the crucial roles in n u m b e r 3 fal l 2 0 1 0 201 ? Suzana Markovic and Sanja Raspor tab le 2Average scores of service quality perceptions in hotel settings Attributes Mean St. dev. v1 Modern-looking equipment 5. 31 1. 48 v2 visually appealing physical facilities 5. 53 1. 23 v3 Neat hotel staff 6. 13 0. 90 v4 Visually appealing materials (pamphlets, web-sites) 5. 53 1. 23 v5 Clean and tidy hotel 6. 06 1. 05 v6 countenance location 6. 19 1. 00 v7 Parking area 4. 96 1. 87 v8 Performing service in the promised time 5. 98 0. 93 v9 Inte rest in firmness guests problems 6. 09 1. 00 v10 Performing services right the ? rst time 5. 99 0. 89 v11 Service without delays 6. 02 0. 84 v12 Error-free service 5. 81 . 98 v13 Knowing the exact time when service will be performed 6. 00 0. 90 v14 Hotel staff provides prompt service 5. 98 0. 91 v15 Willingness to help guests 6. 25 0. 80 v16 Hotel staff has time to answer guests questions 6. 13 0. 94 v17 Hotel staff instills con? dence 6. 14 0. 92 v18 Courteous hotel staff 6. 25 0. 82 v19 Hotel staff has knowledge to answer questions 5. 99 0. 90 v20 belief safe and secure 6. 29 0. 81 v21 Providing individual attention 5. 81 1. 03 v22 Convenient opening hours 5. 94 1. 01 v23 Hotel staff provides personal attention 5. 86 0. 98 v24 Guests best interests at heart 6. 02 0. 87 25 Understanding guests speci? c exigencys 5. 86 1. 01 v26 Ease of ? nding ones way around the hotel 6. 34 0. 85 v27 Available and clear information in the hotel 6. 17 0. 89 v28 Offering a variety of facilities 4 . 77 1. 66 v29 Typical service quality for hotel category 6. 03 1. 09 Overall mean for 29 attributes 5. 92 performing high service quality. The overall mean score for service quality perceptions items was 5. 92. This score indicates rather high perceptions of hotel guests regarding service quality. The exploratory factor analysis extracted ? ve factors, which accounted for 65. 1 per cent of variance in the data. Since the ? th factor contained only two items, it could not be considered as a factor and is not interpreted. The results are presented in table 3. Most of the factor loadings were greater than 0. 60, implying a rea- 202 m anag e m e n t vo lu m e 5 Measuring Perceived Service Quality Using servq ual Factor analysis and reliability analysis results of hotel guests perceptions (n = 253) Items (n = 29) Factors f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 Communalities v9 0. 751 0. 688 v12 0. 732 0. 703 v13 0. 671 0. 595 v11 0. 658 0. 675 v10 0. 648 0. 615 v14 0. 623 0. 664 v22 0. 623 0. 557 v8 0. 586 0. 584 v3 0. 505 0. 614 v25 0. 731 0. 793 v16 0. 725 0. 748 v23 . 723 0. 776 v21 0. 713 0. 711 v19 0. 688 0. 616 v17 0. 632 0. 688 v27 0. 622 0. 683 v6 0. 693 0. 580 v26 0. 686 0. 625 v20 0. 618 0. 679 v18 0. 554 0. 685 v5 0. 549 0. 509 v24 0. 537 0. 632 v29 0. 529 0. 447 v15 0. 482 0. 598 v2 0. 784 0. 778 v1 0. 748 0. 723 v4 0. 501 v28 % of Variance Cronbach alpha Number of items 0. 684 0. 675 0. 669 2. 577 1. 514 18. 879 14. 774 8. 887 5. 222 65. 104 0. 869 0. 785 0. 953 8 3 2 v7 Eigenvalue 0. 562 0. 771 5. 551 4. 953 4. 284 19. 142 17. 079 0. 916 0. 917 9 7 sonably high correlation between extracted factors and their individual items. The communalities of 29 items ranged from 0. 47 to 0. 793 indicating that a large amount of variance has been extracted by the factor solution. Only one item (typical service quality for hotel category) was below the suggested value of 0. 50 (Hair et al. , 2006). n u m b e r 3 fal l 2 0 1 0 203 ? Suzana Markovic and Sanja Raspor The four remaining fa ctors are labeled as follows f 1 reliability (solving guests problems and performing error-free service at promised time), f2 empathy and competence of staff (staff knowledge and ability to provide individual attention), f 3 accessibility (appropriate location of the hotel and ease of communication and ? ding the way around the hotel) and f 4 tangibles (appearance of the facilities, equipment and communication materials). The ? rst factor contains most of the items and explains most of the variance. Thus, hotel service reliability is an important determinant of perceived service quality. The results of the reliability analysis showed that Cronbachs alpha coef? cients of the extracted factors ranged from 0. 785 to 0. 917. That is well above the minimum value of 0. 60, which is considered acceptable as an indication of scale reliability (Hair et al. 2006). Thus, these values suggest good internal consistency of the factors.Finally, Cronbachs alpha value for the overall perception scale is 0. 953 and indicates its high reliability. Discussion and Conclusion Perceptions of hotel service quality are the degree to which hotel guests ? nd various hotel attributes important in enhancing their satisfaction with the hotel stay. In the present study, it was revealed that the main dimensions of perceived service quality in hotels are reliability, empathy and competence of staff, accessibility, and tangibles. Two of these are like to the s e rvq ual model, while others overlap with the original s e rvq ual dimensions.However, the studies conducted in the hotel sector identi? ed different outcomes with regard to the number and interpretation of dimensions guests use to assess perceived hotel service quality. Akan (1995) reported a seven-dimension structure, labeled as courtesy and competence of the personnel, communications and transactions, tangibles, knowing and understanding the customer, accuracy and speed of service, solutions to problems and accuracy of hotel re servations. Wong Ooi Mei et al. (1999) identi? ed employees, tangibles and reliability as key dimensions of service quality in the hospitality industry.Moreover, Choi and Chu (2001) reported the following seven dimensions staff service quality, room qualities, general amenities, business services, value, security and ? i d d facilities, Markovic (2003) identi? ed a three-dimension solution, interpreted as empathy and assurance of hotel staff, reliability, and physical quality. This implies that the number and de? nition of the dimensions depend on the measurement context. 204 m anag e m e n t vo lu m e 5 Measuring Perceived Service Quality Using servq ual Furthermore, the ? ndings of this study reveal that among the four dimensions, reliability has emerged as the most important predictor of perceived service quality. In the hospitality industry, this dimension refers to solving guests problems, performing error-free service at the promised time, providing prompt service, convenie nt opening hours of hotel facilities. This ? nding is similar to Knutson et al. (1991) and Juwaheers (2004) research conducted in hotel settings. The indicators of factor and reliability analyses are also consistent with similar studies conducted in the hospitality industry. The proposed factor structure of the present study, as well as in the studies ? onducted by Choi and Chu (2001) and Markovic (2003) have explained the rather high percentage of variance in original data 65. 1 per cent, 67. 2 per cent and 73. 9 per cent, respectively. The Cronbach alpha values are 0. 95 (this study), 0. 94 (Choi and Chu 2001) and 0. 92 ? (Markovic 2003) and indicate high reliability of the instruments. It can be concluded that the modi? ed chance variable of the s e rv q ua l model is suitable for use by hotel managers in gaining easily interpretable and reliable data on hotel guests attitudes regarding perceived service quality.The results of this study suggest that solving guests problems, pe rforming error-free service, employees attitude, appropriate location, and the appearance of the facilities are the key attributes for a hotels success on the Opatija Riviera. Thus, the ? ndings can be used as a guide for hotel managers to improve crucial quality attributes and enhance service quality and business performance. There are several limitations that need to be acknowledged. The data were collected in a small although important tourist destination in Croatia. The questionnaires were distributed during the summer months.Thus, the results interpretation should be limited to this group of hotel guests. It is possible that guests staying in hotels out of the main tourist season might have different perceptions of the service quality. Also, the measurement of hotel guests perceptions was limited to 29 hotel attributes. Even though these attributes were included in other studies as well, there could be other relevant hotel attributes that are likely to in? uence hotel guests pe rceptions. In order to be able to generalize the ? ndings, it is suggested that similar studies be conducted in other Croatian tourist destinations as well.Moreover, this study was focused only on hotels. Future research should test whether the factor structure proposed in this study is valid in other types of accommodation in the region (e. g. camps, private accommodation, hostels). Additionally, future research could also assess hotel staffs perceptions of service per- n u m b e r 3 fal l 2 0 1 0 205 ? 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During the first day of our staying

Once upon a time my friends and I went on a hike. The company consisted only of the closest people. We chose a picturesque place with a lake and a forest nearby and intended to make our hike a perfect one. We dreamt about great weather and our dreams came true.During the first day of our staying there we took much photos, collected berries and flowers. On the second day there we decided to change the place and to put up the tents somewhere else. So we moved closer to the lake, but chose a somewhat higher level, so that to reach the lake one should go down a path lying not far from our camping place. So the girls crawled into the tent while the guys occupied themselves with gathering twigs for a fire. I went to help them too.The girls began fooling around. As they later told us, suddenly they discovered that they moved a little bit with the tent. Then they moved more and more And then not just moved, but fell into the lake from a rather high and steep slope.They began screaming, cry ing for help, and shouting that much that we threw away the twigs and ran to them. Frightened and worried, we didnt know what to do. Luckily enough, the trees held our tent and it stayed dry, so unlike the girls. Wet and scared, they got out of the lake and came back.That curious story didnt end, though. When we precious to fix the tent back, we noticed a nest of snakes covered with leaves on the ex-place of tent. I can hardly call us surprised in that situation. Thanking our mountain for helping us out, we moved to a more secure place. Carefully examined it, we put up there.I guess I can call that hike the most unforgettable thing in my life. I could never imagine that anything of the kind would happen to me

Ai Weiwei: More Than Just an Artist

From the Sichuan quake To fraudistic creation and twitter Ai Weiwei, more than precisely an artist 1 Table of Contents Introduction the Sichuan Earthquake . 3 Ai Weiweis Communication Tools . 3 computer memory . 4 Twitter . deviation local to Global .. 5 Conclusion .. 5 2 Introduction the Sichuan Earthquake On the 12th may 2008 in the Sichuan province, a devastating temblor with a magnitude of 8 on Richters scale occurs during the afternoon (Fawu Wang, 2009). According to an official report, 69197 mickle were killed, 374176 injured and 4. 8 Million were left(a) homeless.Although earthquake predictions remain in a certain way always random, a scientist named Chen Xuezhong brought in 2002 recite of a potential coming earthquake in the region (Zhiyue, 2010). It stresses that Chinas government was warned of a potential coming disaster. After this short introduction, this canvass will focus on the repercussions of this incident, in China as well as internation altogethery, e mphasised by Ai Weiweis actions through, on one spend art and on the other Internet, individually twitter. Ai Weiweis Communication ToolsThe Sichuan earthquake raised(a) strong criticism against the Chinese government, especially because of the gigantic descend of victims among children. According to a construction engine driver who published the Chinese book Book Blade School construction in China is the worst (Li, 2008). Indeed, they be often called tofu construction. virtually(prenominal) reasons cover this problematic. Among them, the tiny budgets in vile areas. This is why we find infrastructure deficits in those regions (Li, 2008). Indeed this event has raised interest and the one of a especially renowned artist, named Ai Weiwei.In his documentary Never sorry Ai Weiwei explains he pursued an independent personal investigation on this accident he cherished to find go forth how many children had been killed and wanted to sue the government for their deaths, because a ccording to him, it didnt face its responsibilities. Furthermore he reveals the difficulties encountered, due to the governments circumscribe information policy, to obtain the official number of children victims (Klayman, 2012). Thus, supported by helpless parents, depressed because of their loss, he gathered the label of an important number of children killed so that they could be remembered (Helmhirst, 2012). Remembering Ai Weiwei is an international renowned artist with strong beliefs and personal views. As a matter of fact, he wants to use his world reputation to quarter the public opinion aware of the problems the Chinese population is facing because of the communist party and has always been a peachy defender of their rights. The Sichuan earthquake would ask been unknown and forgotten in the governments propaganda, but give thanks to him and to his art creation, those students life will never be forgotten. Remembering is a piece of art created by Ai Weiwei on the wall of the Haus der Kunst in Munich. Made with 9000 schoolbags (McMahon, 2010), it symbolises the life of the students who died during the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan. contrary colours have been chosen to tog the schoolbags, in order to read the pursuance phrase, written with Chinese characters, on the wall of the Haus der Kunst She lived happily for seven eld in this world (Branigan, 2011).This sentence, pronounced by the poor mother of a victim, shows how sad and tragic this accident has been. Through this artistic work and its exposition in a cultural centre like Munich, Ai Weiwei has been able to export local Chinese problems to the rest of the world and make us aware of the crush liberty of expression and the lack of assist to the population in China province, especially when it comes to mess living in poor areas. In addition it expresses Ai Weiweis beliefs by showing us that he holds the government responsible for those high casualties.Twitter Ai Weiwei uses twitter and Int ernet to share his views and assess his notoriety. This tool became an natural part of Ai Weiweis carriage of converse. During the Sichuan earthquake, twitter has been used to make the people aware of the damages caused and to reveal whom Ai Weiwei holds responsible for this incident. People out-of-door China could be informed. On the opposite, people living in the mainland of China have a restricted access to Internet, respectively twitter.Still, there are some ways to deviate from the, imposed by government, restricted freedom of speech although the use of Internet is limited, some people in China use a VPN located outside of China to submit within the mainland (A digital rallying cry, 2011). Thus the governments politic, this doesnt 4 bother Ai Weiwei whos an active twitter user, sharing his thoughts approximately daily (Twitter Ai Weiwei). As a precursor of twitter in China, Ai Weiwei considerably influenced the style of communication and the liberty of expression of Chine se people.Effectively, the following example highlights clearly those facts when Ai Weiwei was in detention, a lot of his followers shared twitts almost every daytime for his liberation and manifested in the streets with the famous catchword Free Ai Weiwei (Twitter Free Ai Weiwei). This shows the considerable impact he has on Chinese society. Going Local to Global The repercussions of the Sichuan earthquake can be characterised by the influence of the western culture on the Chinese population through Ai Weiwei, respectively art and twitter.As a matter of fact Ai Weiwei has studied art both in Beijing and in New York (Wines, 2009) this certainly allowed him to draw comparisons between the occidental and the Asian culture and to figure out which changes were to be made in the Chinese politics, for example regarding the freedom of speech. Indeed from a local incident and thanks to an international renowned artist, a unconditional anger in the Chinese population, against the governmen t, has raised to fight for their rights and to freely express their opinions.Effectively, it is to be underlined that the use of twitter by the Chinese population is a germane(predicate) example for this characterisation. Conclusion In the light of these factors the Sichuan earthquake emphasises the infrastructure deficit the country is facing in Province and more importantly in poor areas. Secondly, Remembering is the symbol of the anger and the sadness Ai Weiwei and the parents face regarding respectively the government and this tragic accident. Thirdly, twitter highlights a communication tool, which can easily and flat be used. Ai Weiwei hrough a combination of these tools positively influenced the Chinese people. Although it may seem somehow utopic, Ai Weiwei with Remembering and twitter made a huge step forward, by making a population aware 5 how to use their rights, in the fight he struggles with the government of mainland China. Hereby, I declare that all information in th is document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. 6 7Ai Weiwei More Than Just an ArtistFrom the Sichuan earthquake To art and twitter Ai Weiwei, more than just an artist 1 Table of Contents Introduction the Sichuan Earthquake . 3 Ai Weiweis Communication Tools . 3 Remembering . 4 Twitter . Going Local to Global .. 5 Conclusion .. 5 2 Introduction the Sichuan Earthquake On the 12th may 2008 in the Sichuan province, a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 8 on Richters scale occurs during the afternoon (Fawu Wang, 2009). According to an official report, 69197 people were killed, 374176 injured and 4. 8 Million were left homeless.Although earthquake predictions remain in a certain way always random, a scientist named Chen Xuezhong brought in 2002 evidence of a potential coming ea rthquake in the region (Zhiyue, 2010). It stresses that Chinas government was warned of a potential coming disaster. After this short introduction, this essay will focus on the repercussions of this incident, in China as well as internationally, emphasised by Ai Weiweis actions through, on one hand art and on the other Internet, respectively twitter. Ai Weiweis Communication ToolsThe Sichuan earthquake raised strong criticism against the Chinese government, especially because of the huge number of victims among children. According to a construction engineer who published the Chinese book Book Blade School construction in China is the worst (Li, 2008). Indeed, they are often called tofu construction. Several reasons cover this problematic. Among them, the tiny budgets in poor areas. This is why we find infrastructure deficits in those regions (Li, 2008). Indeed this event has raised interest and the one of a particularly renowned artist, named Ai Weiwei.In his documentary Never sorry Ai Weiwei explains he pursued an independent personal investigation on this accident he wanted to find out how many children had been killed and wanted to sue the government for their deaths, because according to him, it didnt face its responsibilities. Furthermore he reveals the difficulties encountered, due to the governments restricted information policy, to obtain the official number of children victims (Klayman, 2012). Thus, supported by helpless parents, depressed because of their loss, he gathered the names of an important number of children killed so that they could be remembered (Helmhirst, 2012). Remembering Ai Weiwei is an international renowned artist with strong beliefs and personal views. As a matter of fact, he likes to use his world reputation to make the public opinion aware of the problems the Chinese population is facing because of the communist party and has always been a great defender of their rights. The Sichuan earthquake would have been hidden and forgotten in the governments propaganda, but thanks to him and to his art creation, those students life will never be forgotten. Remembering is a piece of art created by Ai Weiwei on the wall of the Haus der Kunst in Munich. Made with 9000 schoolbags (McMahon, 2010), it symbolises the life of the students who died during the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan. Different colours have been chosen to decorate the schoolbags, in order to read the following phrase, written with Chinese characters, on the wall of the Haus der Kunst She lived happily for seven years in this world (Branigan, 2011).This sentence, pronounced by the poor mother of a victim, shows how sad and tragic this accident has been. Through this artistic work and its exposition in a cultural centre like Munich, Ai Weiwei has been able to export local Chinese problems to the rest of the world and make us aware of the repressed liberty of expression and the lack of assistance to the population in China Province, especially when it comes to people living in poor areas. In addition it expresses Ai Weiweis beliefs by showing us that he holds the government responsible for those high casualties.Twitter Ai Weiwei uses twitter and Internet to share his views and assess his notoriety. This tool became an essential part of Ai Weiweis style of communication. During the Sichuan earthquake, twitter has been used to make the people aware of the damages caused and to reveal whom Ai Weiwei holds responsible for this incident. People outside China could be informed. On the opposite, people living in the mainland of China have a restricted access to Internet, respectively twitter.Still, there are some ways to deviate from the, imposed by government, restricted freedom of speech although the use of Internet is limited, some people in China use a VPN located outside of China to communicate within the mainland (A digital rallying cry, 2011). Thus the governments politic, this doesnt 4 bother Ai Weiwei whos an active twitter user, shari ng his thoughts almost daily (Twitter Ai Weiwei). As a precursor of twitter in China, Ai Weiwei considerably influenced the style of communication and the liberty of expression of Chinese people.Effectively, the following example highlights clearly those facts when Ai Weiwei was in detention, a lot of his followers shared twitts almost every day for his liberation and manifested in the streets with the famous slogan Free Ai Weiwei (Twitter Free Ai Weiwei). This shows the considerable impact he has on Chinese society. Going Local to Global The repercussions of the Sichuan earthquake can be characterised by the influence of the western culture on the Chinese population through Ai Weiwei, respectively art and twitter.As a matter of fact Ai Weiwei has studied art both in Beijing and in New York (Wines, 2009) this certainly allowed him to draw comparisons between the Occidental and the Asian culture and to figure out which changes were to be made in the Chinese politics, for example rega rding the freedom of speech. Indeed from a local incident and thanks to an international renowned artist, a positive anger in the Chinese population, against the government, has raised to fight for their rights and to freely express their opinions.Effectively, it is to be underlined that the use of twitter by the Chinese population is a relevant example for this characterisation. Conclusion In the light of these factors the Sichuan earthquake emphasises the infrastructure deficit the country is facing in Province and more importantly in poor areas. Secondly, Remembering is the symbol of the anger and the sadness Ai Weiwei and the parents face regarding respectively the government and this tragic accident. Thirdly, twitter highlights a communication tool, which can easily and instantly be used. Ai Weiwei hrough a combination of these tools positively influenced the Chinese people. Although it may seem somehow utopic, Ai Weiwei with Remembering and twitter made a huge step forward, by making a population aware 5 how to use their rights, in the fight he struggles with the government of mainland China. Hereby, I declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. 6 7

Havaianas

Our marketing case study refers at the develop of the Italian market of Havaianas flip-flops Description of Product In Brazil Havaianas mathematical product is well known (second only to Coca Cola). Its a mass market product, a commodity Flip-flops features Comfortable Durable Out of time practicable Aesthetically beautiful Cheap Two principal(prenominal)s grocerys A traditional segment like beach, leisure and sport A niche segment, the surf market Main Marketing Problems In Italy among consumers only 12. 5% indicated Havaianas as first grade of flip flops designed Find the right market segment considering the competitors Convey to consumers the weighty attributes, technical and emotional, of the product Targeting The product is suitable for everyone, but especially for consumers aged from 16 to 40 In this range we have identified three main consumers categories Trendy Functional Not interested 10% 75% 15% Swot Analisys OPPORTUNITY Width of the target Ability to pu ll in au then(prenominal)tic connections with a product rich in meanings Ability to enter niche marketsSTRENGTHS Versatility of the product High Quality (natural materials) Wide range of models -Possibility of limited Editions Product THREATS -Competition in send and analog importation of products with low cost (China) -No barriers to entry -Risk of becoming a passing fashion brand -Existence of manoeuver competitors that likewise produce clothing lines WEAKNESSES Poor presence in some markets Low brand awareness Its absent the perception of the quality of the product by the consumer Seasonality It is not considered a technical productTraditional Market Positioning Market Positioning-Competitors Reef, the market leader, has a marketing schema aimed at consumers increasingly sophisticated which seem to communicate a feeling of continuous look and need of something more distinctive Sundek leverages its production of summertime clothing to also sell footwear and flipfl ops As flip-flops for the pool, locker room and sports in general brands such(prenominal) as Nike & Adidas provide an higher level of technicality If we consider the Havaianas as a sandal for a night out or generally for living the city, then the competition is with brands such as D&G, Gucci, Prada Market Positioning-Havaianas Havaianas is on the market in a position straddling Functionality and Fashion (impossible for Reef) to a point less evolved of its direct competitor The fashion factor for Havaianas is the ability to sell a cheap product that capture the customers with the history, the sense of freedom and the possibility to express yourself which are the guidelines that, since the beginning, advert this productSurf Market Market PositioningCompetitors The competitors, althougth with different placements, stands on the left side of the table aiming to attract customers with their ability to perceive the technical characteristics of the product There are also in this context brands such as Cool that are oriented more to products of high quality and technically suitable for sport Others (in the area at the bottom left) that link instead, quite indistinct between them, to follow the fashion even at the expense of the more technical characteristics Market PositioningHavaianasHavaianas instead focuses its strategy in being able to exploit the high degree of involvement that surfers reserve to this brand and this is the main feature that differentiates it from competitors In the surfing world Havainas is an design of worship now deeply rooted in the tradition and attractiveness of this sport and it is from this that the brands draws its market power Marketing Goals Create an emotional bond with the brand and its history Provide more popularity to the brand so that potential buyers rump easily associate the brand with sundry(a) modelsBrand Philosophy Extraordinary capabilities that this product has to create a bond between the user and Brazil, the place of origin of the product and always destination of dreams of Italians Havaianas is a product that can be considered true a long history, a great deal of continuity (the characteristics have remained largely unchanged over time) Natural materials and a process that has within it elements almost guile (examples of this are the molds made ? by hand) that make it meaningful and rich of story to tellMarketing Initiatives Havaianas Disco-Bus Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team Website Website At the heart of our proposals for Havaianas there is the transformation of the current website in order to create a direct relationship with the consumer and a sense of membership Build a section dedicated to events and parties with a picgallery which shows all attached to the world of Havaianas and itslifestyle Website Party on Havaianas. it The user, in order to participate in various competitions, must enroll communicating his e-mail.This will allow the play along to create a large agenda of contac ts through which it can communicate the dates of events, promotions and news of any kind in order to create a direct line to the most loyal. For people registered, there will be a further advantage will be sent by e-mail invitations for the various parties that will be printed and presented at the entrance for a chance to enter for free Testimonial for Havaianas The consumers will send their photos with the more strange use that they can make with their flip-flops.The most bizarre and original will be make on the site, with the possibility to be commented on by all users, and the winning photo will become the icon for the communication campaign of Havaianas in the following year Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team The TwinsBros Factory has its headquarters in Livorno(Italy) and is structured specifically for the production of high quality surfboards The first goal of the collaboration is to create a set of surfboards and material competition sponsored Havaianas The second one is spon sor a team of surfers who will turn Italy to participate the races of the Italian circuit Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team Return in terms of visibility Will be published a banner Havaianas. it on the homepage of the site twinsbros. net Will be published a banner of TB & Havaianas surf team on the 2 main Italian surf portals (surfdome. it & surftolive. com) Will be published articles accompanied by photographs on the same portals above and magazines like Surfer Magazine, SurfUP & SurfNews Strong visibility in the audience present at the competition with the distribution of gadgets Havaianas Disco-Bus The project consists of a disco-bus which during the summer will turn to the most famous locations of the italian summer nightlife (Riccione, Milano Marittima, Porto Cervo, etc. .. ) It will be deprived of the seats and designed with the logo Havaianas in and outside so as to produce a strong ocular impact on the observer The atmosphere will be tipically brazilian with theme-partie s, music, cocktails and various kinds of gadgets provided

Supporting Positive Behaviour

1. 1 Describe the Policies and Procedures of the setting relevant to promoting Children and newborn Peoples po gravelive doings. Every setting should throw a appearance a doings insurance, in England, it is a legal requirement for early years setting. This is a document to promote a positive behaviour of babyren and adults involved in the setting, it will military service either staff to accredit what we should do in polar situations.As a discontinue of this policy on that point will as well as be procedures for staff to follow, such as, screening respect to children and new(prenominal) adults or, giving a explanation to the child who is finding it difficult to observe boundaries or, be a positive role model with appropriate behaviour. Also, the policy should detail the strategies that will never be apply in the setting. The backsideons of conduct relate to the behaviour of staff as well as the behaviour of children. These moldiness be curbd in a manner appropriat e for children age, stage of development and individual need.For the staff, the code of conduct will include, for example, keeping calm to stop children hurting each other or behaving in a unsafe way, such as, listening to both sides of the story in a conflict or, non make any negative comments in front of the children. For children, the codes of conduct atomic number 18 about playing safely, respecting others or taking turns. These codes are discussed with children making a Golden Rules, for example, please walk no running or we should share toys with our friends this helps them to take responsibility for their behaviour and they feel part of the process.To support childrens positive behaviour we will use Rewards, it is based on the idea that, if they receive approval, they are likely to want to plagiarize that behaviour There are many types of rewards that work well with children. Praise is a very stiff way of reinforcing positive behaviour, saying to children well d integ rity or good boy/girl helps them to know that they have shown positive behaviour and stating clearly what it is that is good, e. g. Thank you for sharing the toy, that was very kind. Attention is one of the best slipway of reinforcing positive behaviour.Making eye contact, smiling or nod, it helps the child to know that we have seen what they have done. In my setting, at the end of each session, teachers ask children who has followed the golden rules that day and they get a smiley face. The children are invited to sit in the fairytale chair or on the fairytale step. Sanctions will help us to respond to inappropriate behaviour. For example, saying no in a quiet but firm way or, explaining the consequences of actions to their level of controling helps children to understand why they moldiness no carry on with their behaviour.Rewards and Sanctions should be used appropriately and fairly. For dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour we whitethorn use different strategies to s how that we can manage that situation. For example, ignoring the behaviour, if children are not getting any response from the adult, they will then change what they are doing, when they stop that behaviour we must give them plenty of positive attention. To removal equipment, this sends a message to children that what they are doing is not pleasurable or safe. Also we can use facial expression to make children cook that what they are doing is not acceptable.Guidance on inclusion will be a tool to collate all policy relating to all children with additional needs as Special Education Needs or, Gifted and Talented, also the greenhouse has a policy of having available to all, a variety of items which reflect the cultural diversity of our country. The nursery displays many pictures and posters of children and commonwealth from all areas of the world to reflect the inclusion policy. There are many puzzles and other materials available which reflect our diverse society. We want children recognise that certain actions are right and that other are wrong.Children must be encouraged to recognise that bullying, fighting or hurting are not acceptable behaviour and they will not be tolerated. Anti-bullying policy is to ensure that children learn in a safe, confirming and caring environment, without fear of being bullied. Bullying is a complex issue and takes many forms (racial, sexual, disability, ). It can be physical, verbal or emotional and can be cause serious psychological damage. A child often bullies for a reason, it is important to try to find out why a child may be bullying others, usually a child that is bullying has some personal difficulty that needs addressing.Biting policy will follow in the event of a child being bitten. Biting is a form of behaviour that is particularly prevalent in children whose language skills are only just growth and can often be an expression of frustration because they cannot yet express their feeling and it can give out a habit. In this cause we must act immediately, to explain to the spiny child why biting is unacceptable, that it hurts the other child and show the mark. Remove the biting child from the circumstances and keep him busy at all sequences. We will always inform the parents about the incident and should keep confidentiality.Attendance policy is usually part of a schools code conduct because childrens education can be impact if they do not catch regularly or are often later for lessons, being absent from the school means a lost learning opportunity. To ensure that each child is encouraged to attend from the first day that they enrol at reception. However, in an early years setting, this is not likely to be part of a behaviour policy. In any case, there must be a time control input and output. 1. 2 In your own words describe what your setting behaviour policy expects from adults and children.In my setting we believe that children grow up best when their personal, social and emotional needs are met and where there are clear expectations for their behaviour. The aim is to teach children to behave in socially acceptable ways and to understand the needs and rights of others. To help children to learn to empathise with others, understanding that they have feelings too. Where children behave in inconsiderate way, we help them to understand the outcomes of their action and support them in learning how to cope more appropriately.All staff, volunteers and students must provide a positive role model of behaviour by tr saping children, parents and one another with friendliness, care and courtesy. Also we must use positive strategies to resolve any inconsiderate behaviour, by helping children to find solutions in ways are appropriate for their age and stage of development. We must be calm and patient helping to manage childrens feelings. 1. 3 Describes with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young peoples be haviour.It is very important that all staff consistently and fairly apply boundaries and rules for childrens and young peoples behaviour. For example, if we want to teach children that they must eat sitting and not playing, all staff must apply the same rules every single day in the lunch time, not allowing toys and remind them to sit down when they stand up, because if children with a staff member can run and play while they eat but with another member they must eat sitting. They are confused about this change in the rules from one day to another and they cannot know which behaviour is the correct.

Discrimination Against South Africa Essay

reciprocal ohm Africa is one of the African countries, which is rich in archives and culture. Different racial and ethnical groups ranging from Afrikaners to the Indians are staying together in federation Africa. This paper analyzes the prejudices and discrimination against federation Africa the Coloureds and the smutty AfricansIntroductionAt least 77% of mho Africans are drear Africans.South Africa has a very diverse and rich cultural nature and therefore has no National Culture. There are several assorted ethnic groups out of them the most popular being Zulus (South African Culture How disfavor and Discrimination behave Colored Culture) The South African governments were controllight-emitting diode by the gaberdine slew till Nelson Mandela successfully led the agitations against them and dethroned their judgement and became the first elected death chair of South Africa in 1994. Till then the benighted South African community were victims of discrimination and prejud ices even thought they were the largest friendship in South Africa.Coloureds and the Black AfricansColoureds are a mix of Black Africans and (British) Whites. They are so named because of the apartheid regime, as a focussing a labeling them however, since then they have developed their own distinct culture. They reside mostly in the northern and Western Cape. About 80% speak Afrikaans and 20% speak English. (South African Culture How parti pris and Discrimination Have Colored Culture) The colored battalion are a mixed race with its ancestors belongs to Europe, Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Malaya, Mozambique, and Mauritius alike(p) countries.The South African society were divided four main racial groups during the apartheid era Blacks, Whites, Coloureds and Indians. Based on the color of the people the political sort outs were also varied among these groups. The dust coats enjoyed supremacy in any field of life like political cultural and religious things. Even the people f rom the same religious belief experienced discrimination because of their hide color. Earlier the political rights of the coloreds were similar to that of the whites though their rights to earn income and property were restrict by the law.Prejudices and DiscriminationPrejudice is the positive or negative evaluation of a social group and its members. It differs from stereotyping in that the stress with prejudice focuses more on emotional than cognitive factors.Prejudice is gener all in ally an attitude. (Prejudice and discrimination) Historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors all contribute to prejudice. In South Africa, the minority white people controlled the entire process of ruling of the country. They have taken this right as granted to them till leader of African national Congress (ANC), Nelson Mandela successfully led the manage which resulted in transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa.The Khoi San were the true original indigenous people of South Africa. They were stripped of their right to call themselves Africans and were labeled colored. They were robbed of their the three estates, culture, language, and identity. (Prejudice and Discrimination in South Africa) The local African community was excited when they heard the ending of apartheid. But as the time passes, they realized that nothing has changed for them. The white people were still kept a outdistance from them and they were failed to enjoy the human rights which the white people enjoys. Although many people are still working to end this discrimination, Black Africans dont have their own history and identity even now.Education and awareness are the only ways to end the struggles of the black Africans of South Africa. Although they have progressed much as a people, they still have a long way to go. As time passes their plight is sure to become repair, just as African Americans lives have become better in this country since requisition finish. The Black Africans are a strong people and they will progress to their goals in time as they unite and become stronger as a people. (Prejudice and Discrimination in South Africa) Although apartheid has ended, conditions for Black Africans have not changed much. Many black Africans live way below the poverty suck and many Afrikaners live above it, creating a division among them. Most of the wealth is accumulated among the white people. The black people are still weak economically, politically and culturally. It is easy for the white people to dominate in every aspects of human life in South Africa even now because of the above factors.In South Africa the infection and deaths from HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome exceeds that in mostother countries. More over the HIV/AIDS problems found mostly among the black community which opened another door for discrimination. The white people were eagerly waiting for a genuine reason to keep the black people at a distance since in the present century it i s a shame for a civilized society to follow the racial discrimination. The HIV/AIDS problem provided them another opportunity to sustain the discrimination which was supposed to be ended once. Government inaction and certain dangerously mistaken beliefs and abusive practices concerning the protection from the disease are largely responsible for this line of discrimination. The illusions about the spreading of AIDS are deliberately spreaded by the white race to keep the black people away from them.ApartheidApartheid is a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites. (Definitions of apartheid on the electronic network) Apartheid separated all Europeans and other races living in South Africa. The African community has divided over the color of their skin during this period. The system of racial segregation first promulgated by the largely Afrikaner National caller of South Africa in 1948. On a much la rger scale was the allocation of 12% of the land area into independent republics, or homelands, for the African population, which comprised 69% of the population when the policy began, in 1954. (Apartheid)The main catch of this apartheid policy was to tie up the Africans to their homelands alone which will be governed and developed separately by the whites government. The black people were allowed to enter the white premises only when the black labor was required. earthly concern places or facilities such as lavatories, transport, parks, and theatres were divided into two groups white and non-white. In 1990 South Africas at last non-indigenous president lifted the ban on the ANC and released all political prisoners including Nelson Mandela. The Homelands system was abolished with the end of Apartheid and independent elections were held with tinge voting right to all irrespective of the color which resulted in the making of Mandela as the first president of South Africa after the apartheid ended.ConclusionSouth Africa can be considered as the latest country which escapedfrom the social unfairness of different class system based on the color (apartheid). The South African society consists of people from different parts of the world. But all of them treated differently by white led government. The white people in South Africa considered themselves as privileged people. Nelson Mandela is supposed to be the leader who led the struggle against the racial dominance of the white people. Even now, though the apartheid is ended, the white people still property the black people away citing different reasons like HIV/AIDS.References1.South African Culture How Prejudice and Discrimination Have Colored Culture,Retrieved on March 21, 2009 from http//allpoetry.com/column/show/21910702. Prejudice and Discrimination in South Africa, Retrieved on March 21, 2009 fromhttp//www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/prejudice-south-africa3. Prejudice and Discrimination, Retrieved on Ma rch 21, 2009 fromhttp//www.psypress.com/pip/resources/slp/topic.asp?chapter=ch21&topic=ch21-sc-034. Definitions of apartheid on the Web Retrieved on March 21, 2009 fromhttp//www.google.com/search?hl=en&defl=en&q=defineapartheid&ei=ZRnFSZbqKYKHkQXKpZXEDA&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title5. Apartheid, Retrieved on March 21, 2009 from http//www.answers.com/topic/apartheid